First Amendment

The First Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights is our rights as citizens living in the United States of America. In this paper I will look at three provisions to the First Amendment, highlighting one case for each provision. Included are one case to discuss freedom of speech, one case to discuss separation of church and state and one case to discuss freedom of association. 1.)Discuss at least one Supreme Court case of significance related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment. Case number 1: Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971), this was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of speech. The United States Supreme Court overturned a disturbing the peace conviction by a man who exited a courthouse wearing a jacket decorated with profanity. On April 26, 1968, Paul Robert Cohen was 19 at the time of his arrest outside a Los Angeles courthouse wearing a jacket decorated with profanity. His jacket had the words â€Å"[email  protected]%k the Draft.† Cohen was arrested for maliciously and willfully disturbing the peace or quiet by any person or a neighborhood. a.)Why did this case have to be heard and interpreted by the Supreme Court? Paul Robert Cohen was found guilty of disturbing the peace at a Los Angeles Courthouse. Cohen’s lawyers appealed and the conviction stood its ground in the California Court of Appeal. The California Supreme Court denied review, the United States Supreme Court granted to review and argue the case. The Court’s decision was in favor of Paul Robert Cohen by a vote of 5-4 and overturned the appellate court’s ruling. According to Justice John Marshall Harlan II â€Å"the state may not, consistently with the First and Fourteenth Amendments, make the simple public of this single four-letter expletive a criminal offense.† (Cohen v. California, docket #: 299, 1971). b.)How do the Supreme Court decisions in each case continue to affect the rights of American Citizens today? Cohen v. California is a landmark case because this case removes from our government the right to censor speech and determine what actions of speech are appropriate for a civil society (Balter-Reitz, 2003). This case affects all of us today because it prevents local and federal government determine what is appropriate or over the line when we are expressing ourselves. 2.)Discuss at least one Supreme Court case of significance related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment. Case number 2: McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948), this was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with separation of church and state. This case was argued at the United States Supreme Court to the power of a state to use tax money to support public schools to provide religious instruction. Vashti McCollum an atheist objected to the religious classes being provided by the Champaign public school district. McCollum argued that the school district violated the First Amendment, the principle of separation of church and state. a.)Why did this case have to be heard and interpreted by the Supreme Court? McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948) was first decided in the circuit court of Champaign County in favor of the school district. McCollum then appealed to the Illinois Supreme Court that held the lower court’s ruling. McCollum finally appealed to the United States Supreme Court that agreed to hear her case. The Courts decision was in favor or Vashti McCollum by a vote of 8-1ruling that the religious classes was unconstitutional. Justice Hugo Black stated that â€Å"To hold that a state cannot consistently with the First and Fourteenth Amendments utilize its public school system to aid any or all religious faiths or sects in the dissemination of their doctrines† (McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203, 1948). b.)How do the Supreme Court decisions in each case continue to affect the rights of American Citizens today? This was a landmark case because it separated church from state. This case also provided a level platform for those who are attending a public school. In the McCollum case her son was being singled and made fun of by other students because he did not attend the religious classes. This case was beneficial for all of us today to attend a public school government funded and not have to attend religious classes against our will. As a result of this case school officials in Champaign Ill, decided to release the students one hour earlier known as â€Å"release time† to attend religious classes without supervision from teachers or school officials (Time Magazine, 1948) 3.)Discuss at least one Supreme Court case of significance related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment. Case number 3: Boy Scouts of America et al. v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000), this was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of association. James Dale an assistant scoutmaster for the Boy Scouts of America was expelled from scouting after the Boy Scouts of America read an article at a local newspaper that Dale indicated and quoted that he was gay. a.)Why did this case have to be heard and interpreted by the Supreme Court? Boy Scouts of America et al. v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000), was first decided at a New Jersey Supreme Court which forced the Boy Scouts of America to readmit assistant Scoutmaster James Dale after learning that he is gay. The United States Supreme Court overturned the New Jersey Supreme Court decision and decided that forcing the Boy Scouts of America to readmit James Dale violated the rights of the Boy Scouts of America, specifically the freedom of association. The Freedom of Association allows a private organization to determine which person can be included into the organization (Boy Scouts of America et al. v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640, 2000.) b.)How do the Supreme Court decisions in each case continue to affect the rights of American Citizens today? Affects of the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on the case of Boy Scouts of America et al. v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640, (2000) is difficult to measure. It only has been 10 years since the decision but today we are experiencing other cases similar to one above. Cases of the military’s â€Å"don’t ask don’t tell† policy has recently been on the news as well states allowing or opposing gay marriages. I predict that the above case will be serving as a foundation for future decisions regarding Americans rights to freedom of association especially if they are gay. 4.)Evaluate the rights and responsibilities that the constitution provides you as an American Citizen. In the examination of the cases above, the Constitution provides me an American Citizen a safety net to argue situations when I felt that my constitution is being violated. I can believe that I can appeal to a higher court and all the way to the United States Supreme Court to make a final decision. In conclusion, this was a great paper to write because as an American Citizen I have neglected to fully understand the right given to me as a citizen. This paper made me realize how much protection I have as a citizen. After examining the three United States Supreme Court cases I am glad that there is a higher court and whether the decision is pro or con, I can rest assure that a fair and just decision will be made. References http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/faclibrary/case.aspx?case=Cohen_v_CA http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804516,00.html caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=000&invol=99-699 caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=333&invol=203

Bruce Dawe Poem Essay

Good morning/afternoon everyone. I am sure that many of you will agree with me, after studying and discussing in class war poetry, that war is destructive; it destroys properties and lives. It is also the meaning if not dehumanizing as Owen in his ‘Dulce et Decorum Est' has pointed out. The violence and destructiveness of war reduces men in the battlefield into something less than human; they are stripped of their dignity. Ultimately as Owen points out in his poem, war is senseless or futile. Whatever the reason for going to war, it's not justification enough for the senseless slaughter of young lives. Owen, as you know, has great ability in challenging the responders senses, to experience the horror of war. He allows us to see, to hear, to feel, to smell, even to taste the ugliness of war. Thus we see a group of soldiers trudging the muddy tracks blindly to safety. They are ‘drunk with fatigue' and Owen captures their dehumanization by a series of similes. They are ‘bent double, like old beggars, coughing like hags' and ‘deaf' to the sound and fury of guns and gas shells dropping around them. I still can visualize and hear their panic reaction to the chlorine gas and those who are not quick enough to put on their mask, literally drown in what Owen calls the ‘green sea' and our auditory sense is challenged by the guttering, the choking and the convulsed sobs. You will agree with me for sure, that the image that Owen conjures up of the victim of the chlorine gas is no less than grotesquely horrible. We see the ‘white eyes writhing' in his agony and the convulsions that are followed by the blood that comes gargling out of the victim's ‘froth corrupted lungs. Again a simile is used ‘bitter as the cud of vile,' effectively giving us the ‘awful taste' of the situation. I know of one other poet who also condemns war and who can effectively communicate the horror of war and the senselessness of it, simply by challenging our senses. Kenneth Slessor, like Wilfred Owen, has a strong indictment of war, if Owen's tone in his poem is angry because, for him , ‘Dulce et decorum est, pro patria mori' which since the time of Horace was used by authorities to entice men to fight for their country – it is a big ie. From the images that he conjures in this poem, there is nothing glorious about dying in such an indignified, brutal and senseless way. In contrast, Kenneth Slessor's tone in his ‘Beach Burial' is elegiac; he laments the destructiveness, the dehumanizing effect and the futility of war like Owen, although his anger is tempered and what we get is a tone of frustration, he communicates just as powerfully an antiwar message. His ‘Beach Burial' presents a dramatic situation in which a group of dead sailors floats towards the beach at El Alamein in the Middle East. The dehumanization motif comes almost strikingly because the sailors is at the mercy of the sea, no longer in control of their lives, but subject to the ebb and the flow of the sea. The fact that they are ‘unknown seamen,' a mixture of allied and axis soldiers probably highlights the senselessness of war. A man who takes pity on the dead ‘snatched them from the water' and bury them in burrows along the beach. Clearly, the image portrayed here is one of dehumanization and responders feel great pity for them in realizing that these sailors ultimate protection is to be found within the earth as animals find comfort in the safety of their burrows. Slessor's irony is obvious in the way he describes the situation; ‘Between the sob and clubbing of the gunfire, Someone, it seems, has time for this, To pluck them from the shallows and bury them in burrows And tread the sand upon their nakedness' Our auditory sense is challenged by the words ‘sob' and ‘clubbing' in this line so that we can hear the destruction of war. When Slessor uses the word ‘pluck' to describe the man's action of removing the bodies from the water to be buried, I am reminded of the soldier smothered in gas in Owen's poem being ‘flung' behind a wagon. Both poets certainly capture the unceremonious brutality of war. The futility of war is further highlighted by the man's bewilderment, not knowing what name to write on the crudely made tidewood crosses that he used for each grave. ‘Unknown seaman' is the only thing he can think to write. And, at this point the voice of the poet is clearly mournful, as suggested by the repetition of the word ‘such' and the tone; ‘Written with such perplexity, with such bewildered pity, The words choke as they begin' Certainly there is no glory in either their death or their burial for their memorial, only stresses their anonymity. The ultimate senselessness of it all is captured in the last stanza; ‘Dead seamen, gone in search of the same landfall, Whether as enemies they fought, Or fought with us, or neither, the sand joins them together, Enlisted on the other front' In life these sailor soldiers where able to live together without enmity, but now in death they are peacefully united; they have come from so many lands and end up in the same landfall somewhere on the beach of El Alamein. I believe we should take the message of both Owen and Slessor seriously that war destroys, that it robs us of our human dignity, and that it is ultimately senseless. Both poets have experienced the horror of war, Owen as a lieutenant in the British army in WWI and Slessor as an Australian Official War Correspondent in the Middle East during WWII. If belligerent or war-like world leaders of today study these poems, I am sure the world will be a better place to live in.

Branding Essay

BRANDING ESSAY Subject: The brand as an aspirational and cultural agent 14/03/2013 According to Philip J. Kotler â€Å"a brand is a name, term, sign symbol or design, or a combination of them to identify the goods or services of one seller or a group of sellers and to identify them from the competitors†. This definition expresses the brand as the sum of the representations that we have, however, the brand is also a cultural agent. To remain permanently in the mind of the consumer brands must build a recognizable brand and offer their cultural role models to their customers.Thus it is necessary to include this cultural aspect to the marketing strategy of the brand. After explaining how this cultural and aspirational aspect is characterized in the minds of consumers and brands, it will be interesting to know its origins and consequences, finally understand why and how a brand builds a culture and a strong identity. The success of a brand depends not only on the functional value it offers to consumers, its reputation and good health depends heavily on the emotional value it adds through its products.And the brands gain momentum in today's culture, they seek to become mirrors of our personalities and that is why it is indispensable to build a distinctive brand image. The brand positioning is to place an image in the mind of the consumer. The success of the brand in the consumer's opinion is fundamentally dependent on its desire to appropriate the brand and express it as a part of his personality. This cultural dimension of the brand had been discussed by Jean-Noel Kapferer (French expert of brands) in his book â€Å"Les marques, capital de l’entreprise† in 1990. He expresses the cultural facet of the brand as a key element of brand identity.In the same vein he argues that brands around the products and services sold, build aspirational universe in order to stand out and sell their products. This universe consists of all intangible assets acting as symbols, references, lifestyles, emotions etc. †¦ feature of the brand. This set forms a specific imaginary that illustrates the values and the brand positioning to form a unique cultural heritage (Jean-Noel Kapferer et Vincent Bastien, Luxe Oblige, 2008) This heritage must be expressed and transmitted to the consumer to feel the desire to join and share.Even if this has a great value in brand equity, it is not enough to form a brand culture. The cornerstone of its creation is a major concept; which is distinct to the brand and based on an innovative aspect (e. g. Nike and culture transcendence). In this case there is a set of communication shared by a class of consumers relaying the brand culture. This research of brand culture is becoming more and more important, especially because consumers search meaning in their consumption and they need to be involved in this consumer society that is constantly evolving.Similarly, the development of the media and especially the intern et makes it fertile ground for the development of this cultural facet. We are part of a brands cultural bath influencing us in all our acts of consumption. The brand is a center of social identification of the individual, our consumption reflects our identity. Especially for brands that operate as social signs (car brands, clothing, food, telephone, etc. †¦ ). And brands have become cultural facts, when we consume we do not consume only the product but also the brand. Every act of consumption is symbolic and cultural; there is no longer a pure commercial consumption. The brand becomes a symbol, a materiel embodiment of the myth. So as customers drink, drive or wear the product, they experience a bit of the myth. † (Douglas B. How Brands Become Holt in Icons, The Principles of Cultural Branding, 2004). He explains this behavior like this: â€Å"Customers use iconic brands as symbolic salves. They grab hold of the myth as they use the product as a means to lessen their ide ntity burdens†. It means that the brand through its culture must convey specific models to achieve the desires and soothe the anxieties of consumers.The purpose of brands is to create moments of recognition that put images, sounds, feelings, on the deep desires of customers. Holt adds that a strong brand identity and a clearly identifiable culture have a positive effect on the brand and business: â€Å"When a brand delivers a powerful myth that customers find useful in cementing their identities, this identity value casts a halo on other aspects of the brand. Great myths enhance the brand’s quality reputation, distinctive benefits, and status value. † This halo effect shows brands cannot underestimate their cultural influence.The essential idea in this concept of culture is that it is an integral part of the brand, but she is not defined consistently. It is universal and timeless at the same time it must keep its customers at every change of generation. The succe ss of a brand lies in its ability to adapt to a given society, to know how to react when tensions and desires of consumers mutate. Or that Accordance must match the brand identity. Success comes once the brand has articulated the brand identity with market expectations through the establishment of a strong brand culture.For example Nike in its infancy based its marketing strategy on its philosophy of self-transcendence, a value in accordance with an aspiration of American society in the post-prosperity when the logic of the American dream seemed to have lost its splendor. The socio-economic changes constantly and attitudes of societies are transformed. Thus it is essential that brand can find what, in its identity, can meet the expectations of customers in the generational change. The consumer's desire is not focused on a specific good or service, this desire is by cluster (Gilles Deleuze, French philosopher, Anti-Oedipus, 1977).This means that when the customer is considering purch asing, the choice is not just the object itself but to all cultural, symbolic or historic associations attached to them. For example when I want this dress that is behind the showcase, I do not just want this dress, but the shoes that go with the silhouette, the style, the man, the romantic dinner and almost the lifestyle that goes with this dress. And brands need to rethink their communication model to know the consumer interest in all that associations of the product.They can no longer base their identity on customer insights; it must do so on a strong culture. The brand identity is not an element to be overlooked in a marketing strategy because the cultural and aspirational aspect it reveals is becoming increasingly important in the consumer's decision. Brands must know how to create interest and special recognition in his mind through communicating their values and their major concept. The customers’ expectations continually evolving, that is why it is important for bran ds to adapt through the establishment of a strong and sustainable brand culture. I hope you understand that as an Erasmus student I used for my research French theories to support my arguments. Well I apologize for any mistakes in English that I could commit. ) Bibliography * Jean-Noel Kapferer, Les marques, capital de l’entreprise (1990) * Jean-Noel Kapferer et Vincent Bastien, Luxe Oblige, Paris, Eyrolles (2008) * Douglas B. Holt, How Brands Become Icons, The Principles Of Cultural Branding, Harvard Business School Press (2004) * Gilles Deleuze et Felix Guattari, Anti- OEdipe, Editions de Minuit, 1977.

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Annotated Bibliography Example Based on the findings, the participants discovered that teaching a foreign language was done best through communicating in the target language as much as possible (Raymond, 2000). The materials used should be designed for native speakers and involve meaningful contexts for the language use. Practice should be based on open ended as well as structured activities for better impact (Raymond, 2000). In conclusion the research is helpful to those involved and reveals a number of aspects that have assisted the participants to improve the methods that they utilize in their teachings. The research participants could have been more than the six that were used to come up with more clear results however, but the overall results were substantial enough to be utilized by other researchers in the future. Raymond, H. C (2000). Learning to teach foreign languages: A case study of six pre-service teachers in a teacher education program. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio The main aim of this research is to determine the effects of language learning software in a workplace environment and whether individuals are capable of sufficiently teaching themselves a new language without having other responsibilities adversely affected (Nelson, 2011). The research method was based on practical activities that required the participants’ involvement in self teaching exercise using the software after which they were tested by the researchers to determine the progress they were able make (Nelson, 2011). The results found that very few of the participants were able to complete the program and effectively use the software to completion. It was discovered that the participants had very little time to access their accounts (Nelson, 2011). This shows that learning a new language by ones self is extremely difficult and one will still need guidance and support if they are to be successful

Film called Valparaiso Mi Amor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Film called Valparaiso Mi Amor - Essay Example Being a neo-realist lyrical drama, it is based on a family of three depraved brothers and their mother. This is after the head of the family, who works in a slaughterhouse that is quite challenging and full of hazards, is fatefully terminated from his employment. The setting being in Valparaiso brings out a bitter story of a fight for survival in an unfair and unjust social setting where the en masse poverty is a commonality shared by most yet there is no helping hand. Chile as a country has had a great and trying history that has seen it pass through some very rough times (Chanan 430). The numerous coups and counter-coups were as a result of proxy wars that were fought by the United States and the Soviet Union; this in the form of Socialist/ Communist versus Capitalist interests especially during the Cold War. Failures in addressing both social and economic issues; this coupled with the rising political awareness of the masses the less-affluent population led to the country’s political polarization. The resultant consequences were exemplified by numerous violations of human rights coupled with deep reforms in the market/ economic sphere (Barnard 219). The husband and father, in the family, Francisco Morales works in a slaughterhouse which is a low paying job; thus, the family is among the majority of the less affluent population who make up the proletariat class. His wife and mother of three, Elena Moreno, is a housewife and is thus busy with child rearing and other household chores such as cooking, cleaning and going to the market. When Morales job is terminated, he endeavors for the next eight months in search of employment; this from one place to the other, in search of any odd jobs or activities that would enable him set food on the table for his family. Work is not easily forthcoming and thus out of desperation, he steals a cow with which he is able to feed his family, wife and three

Related to Electronic Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Related to Electronic Engineering - Essay Example QDF is used to identify critical customer attributes and to create a specific link between customer attributes and design parameters. Matrices are used to organize information to help marketers and design engineers answer three primary questions: What attributes are critical to our customers? What design parameters are important in driving those customer attributes? What should the design parameter targets be for the new design? For QDF process the organising framework is a planning tool called the â€Å"house of Working as a team, design engineers and marketers first establish critical customer attributes for the product. These attributes become the rows of the central matrix of the house of quality. The team may group attributes into broader categories in order to simplify planning and analysis (Wheelwright, 1992). The key benefits obtained by adopting QFD are given below. †¢ Reduced time to market †¢ Reduction in design changes †¢ Decreased design and manufac turing costs †¢ Improved quality †¢ Increased customer satisfaction

Personal Activity Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Activity Plan - Essay Example Health care policies had been introduced and implemented by the US government to apparently lessen the cost of health care cost and insurance. However, these policies had not been successful in its goals. There were also attempts on health reforms but were found to be more risky such that new policies will have to be created and implemented. Various issues in the health care system had arisen affecting the health care system, thus increasing the dilemma in managing individual spending on health care. The Six Dimensions of Health has been one among the various promotions that the government had been trying to endorse profoundly such that this program may aid individuals in attaining a practically healthy condition. Physical, social, spiritual, environmental, emotional and intellectual health, are regarded as the main factors affecting wellness. Being fully aware of each dimension contribute to an individual's overall wellness. As a health care consumer, one should be aware of the different ways in which one could obtain an optimum health care in return of the high expenditures tied up with it. On the other hand, one must also be responsible in taking an utmost care of his own physical being as opposed to leaving everything to health care professionals. Physical health involves a person's ability to take care of the minor illnesses as well as knowing the time in which there is already a need to seek the help of a health care professional such as physicians. The need to personally monitor one's own vital signs such as temperature, respiration, and others, contribute to ones attainment of an assured physical health ("Six Dimensions," para 1) In the past, self-care was limited to monitoring ones temperature alone. But as the demand for a healthy condition increases which tags along extremely high cost, several self-care kits and machines are available in the market. These materials had been able to help indiv iduals manage their health conditions personally at a lower cost with similar accuracy as those that were facilitated by the physicians. Moreover, these materials free individuals from worries concerning their condition whenever they feel something unusual. At the same time, self-help groups had sprung in order to help individuals change the aspect of health care. Considering these facts, personal physical health care had extremely developed from that of visiting health care clinics for check-ups and testing to that of being personally responsible through self-care and self-help tools and groups which may range from understanding the relationship that exist between the individual and the environment, nutrition and the body's functions. An individual's responsibility on physical wellness does not simply involve self-prescription of medicines as deemed necessary but basically knowing the appropriate preventive measures against certain diseases. In the long run, physical wellness may i mprove not only the individual's health condition but the ability to be fully responsible in ones health acquiring a particular discipline towards health that may be passed on the next generation. Man, being a social animal has a need to become socially healthy as well. An individual must achieve a harmonious relationship with the environment that

Female Songwriters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Female Songwriters - Essay Example With more efforts being instituted in closely examining the appeal of a particular musical composition through time, music enthusiasts aver that female songwriters of contemporary times use language in a distinctly different way from the majority of male songwriters. It is therefore the aim of the current essay to compare the song lyrics written by two female songwriters: Jewel and Sheryl Crow, with the songs written by two male songwriters: John Mayer and Jason Mraz. The songs written by the female songwriters, â€Å"Who Will Save Your Soul† by Jewel and â€Å"Strong Enough† by Sheryl Crow sends the message that the subject of salvation presented for reflection by being more aware of one’s personal actions and behavior. On the other hand, Sheryl Crow’s â€Å"Strong Enough† is directed to men being asked the question of being strong enough for women in times of struggles, challenges, and difficulties. There are similarities in mentioning religion an d reference to God but at the same time, there is a message that focuses on the eminent strength of women when times indicate the need to rely on their own. The songs written by male songwriters, â€Å"Your Body is a Wonderland† by John Mayer and â€Å"I Won’t Give Up† by Jason Mraz focus on the message being given or relayed to women.

Management Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Information Systems - Essay Example Cost leadership and Differentiation focus strategy will be discussed with examples in the following section. Wal-Mart stores have successfully expanded its operations across many countries with cost leadership strategy by gaining competitive advantage through under-pricing products while maintaining decent profit margin; thanks to savings from lower costs that allows Wal-Mart to transfer savings to customers. Starbucks Corporation currently employs the differential focus strategy and caters to a specific target consumer segment with unique and distinguished products. Selling unique line of coffee and tea products to high-end customers at a high cost gives it a competitive advantage. It doesn’t aggressively market itself but the attention to detail, product quality, impeccable customer service, and ethical practices have helped position the organization as â€Å"one of the most valuable global brands†. Wal-Mart currently has a management information system that helps sto ring and sharing information from and for its world wide operations. It uses point-of-sale system to record all the sales information and telecommunication to connect with its stores worldwide to maintain stocks. Starbucks has an advanced information system in place to collaborate worldwide operations, especially focusing on direct coordination among finance, purchase, sales and marketing, and human resource department. However, both the firms need to extensively focus on information security and customer profiles in order to avoid potential security breaches and information misuse to ensure sustained success and growth. References Trevino, D. (2009, May). Starbucks Details Strategy For Profitable Growth. Starbucks Newsroom. Retrieved from http://news.starbucks.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=184 Ireland, D. R., Hitt, M. A., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2011). Understanding Business Strategy: Concepts and Cases. Cengage Learning. Retrieved from

Hawaiian weddings Essay Example for Free

Hawaiian weddings Essay For many the nuclear family has always been viewed as the proper way to bring up children and to live life. However, the subject of families is much deeper than many think. But is the family beneficial to society? Different groups have different views on how beneficial the family is to society. Functionalists, who traditionally dominated the sociology of the family, feel that the family is necessary for the running and continuation of an integrated society. It is ssumed by functionalists that if there is the existence of a social institution, then it must have a purpose or a function. Functionalists therefore see the family as beneficial for society. beneficial for society. Families are crucially important to society without doubt. Most British people are born into families and then raised by a family. Most of these very same people grow up to form families of their own and take the responsibility of being a parent. Many people see the family as the normal way of life and watch television programs which revolve around family life. For many the nuclear family has always been viewed as the proper way to bring up children and to live life. However, the subject of families is much deeper than many think. But is the family beneficial to society? assumed by tunctionalists tn t it there is the existence ot a social institution, then it British people are born into tamilies and then raised by a tamily. Most ot these very

Activities and Documentation for Childcare Business

Activities and Documentation for Childcare Business Nabeelah Lallmamode Explain the documentation that is required to be kept when running a child care business from a home setting. Businesses are governed by legislations and requirements that help support it’s continuity. In this assignment we will be looking closely at the documentation and it’s importance to guaranteeing a successful and child friendly business. CRB check, Child Record form, Accident and Emergency forms to more legally abiding forms such as the contract between the caregiver and receiver, are all in place to ensure practices are followed correctly. Various regulatory bodies such as Ofted[1] are there to ensure that this type of business is coherent to the legislations and rules to ensure a healthy and safe environment for the recipient The Child Record, helps to provide us with basic but mandatory information on the child. It also provides us with next of kin details and any other contact information that is essential to the child wellbeing and safety. It is a good practice to keep all forms directly related to the child grouped together such as medical records, existing injuries and accident forms. Medical records are vital to maintaining a child’s wellbeing whilst in care. It details information on the existing medical condition and allergies as well as prescribed and non-prescribed medication. There should be a signed consent form for the worker to administer medication should the need arise. All medication should be stored safely and in it’s original packaging. Accident forms and Existing Injuries Forms are also required to protect the business legally. Upon enrolment a child must be examined for any existing injuries and detailed correctly on the forms again with a signature by both parties. Child care Agreement Form, like the child record form contains mandatory information, however this form is the contract between parent and child care provider. Standard agreements can be purchased online from National Association of Child-minders. They provide information to parents about what they are signing up for and they have access to professional that can help with legal issues relating to contracts. The consent given by parents plays a big role in the daily activities of the child in day care. The Outgoing and Consent Forms as well as Vehicle record and Parent permission form is required in order for the child to participate in recreational activities. It provides the business with authority to take the child out of day care. The business should have the correct insurance in place if the child is being taken out of the care setting during contracted hours. Appropriate vehicle insurance is also essential if the child is being driven by a member of staff. Additional forms are also required to be kept by a childcare business. Finance records detailing transactions between two parties, Fire Safety detailing correct evacuation details and Complaints Records helping to deal with concerns are also required to be kept. All Records can be shared with Ofsted and other independent bodies. Staff are subjected to a CRB check before commencing employment, this will give the employer an insight into the background of the employee as well as any criminal history. All forms mentioned above can be found on Pacey[2] website to help facilitate the admin process. In order to maintain the strict operation of a child care business from a home setting, we need to understand the importance of housing information that is directly linked to the child. There are several forms that are in place in order to help the business understand the child and their needs more closely. We can conclude by looking at the nature of the forms required, that the main purpose of the information, is provided without any flaws a safe and secure environment for any child attending. Keeping documents updated can mean the difference between a good and an outstanding Ofsted rating. Nabeelah Lallmamode   Describe the range of activities that can be used to stimulate a child’s development. Reference must be made to physical, intellectual and social development for both babies (0-12 months) and children (1-5 years). In order for a child’s brain to develop, they must have experienced a range of activities, which help them to differentiate between gross motor skills and fine motor skills. We will look closely at activities that fall inline with the skills mentioned above and how this can help a child’s development intellectually, socially and physically. Regardless of age group, a child needs to be exposed to certain experiences and environment in order to build on their mental and physical health. Gross motor skills, is developed through physical play. This can be expressed through crawling, rolling around and supervised free movement from babies ranging from 0-12 months. This can be backed up by ‘Motor development occurs in an orderly sequence, starting with lifting the head, then rolling over, sitting up, crawling, standing, and walking’[3] Developing gross motor skills in children aged 1-5 can be argued to be easier as they are more able to participate in physical activity without the help of their parents. Activities such as, skipping and running help to encourage strength and coordination. Other activities help to enhance physical development of gross motor skills such as throwing and catching a ball helping to develop coordination skills, riding a bike helps to teach balance, hopscotch which can be regarded as an intellectual game; strengthens numeracy skills as well as developing physical movements. These gross motor skills are developed into Fine Motor Ski lls in later years. Fine Motor skills, develops skills and control of muscle movements. Examples of this would be fastening clothing, writing, drawing and using a knife and fork during meal times. These activities require coordinated and precise movements, which help to build a child’s development. Babies ranging from 0-12 months require a lot of care and attention in order to stimulate a child’s development you must hold your baby as much as possible so they feel warm personal interactions like hugging, eye contact and smiling. Playing and reading to your baby as well as using Multi sensory books are excellent in aiding you child to listen and hear music see the colours and feel different textures of materials. This greatly helps stimulate a baby’s intellectual development, which can again be improved upon during later years. ‘Provide your child with social experiences with other children by age 2 years. If he or she is not in day care, consider starting or joining a play group. Young children can learn important lessons from each other, especially how to get along with other people.’[4] Toddlers require different activities to help developed their physical, intellectual and social development, which begins from 12 months. An excellent activity to carry out with them would be board games as it helps to develop strategic thinking and coordination. It is also recommended that asking them questions will help develop their intellect and also prepare them for social conversations in the future. Teaching sign language at the age of 7-8 months will enable them to sign by themselves in the future. Providing your child with recreational experiences will enrich their social development. A good type of role-play to use would be a pseudo hospital environment whether your child uses empathy as well as soc ial skills to determine what is wrong with the patient. Helping your child to develop physically, intellectually and socially can begin at a young age. It is important that we express the need to teach our child even as studies have indicated they pick up on audio and visual and sensory communication even from birth. We can conclude even though that a child can not communicate with us, by us communicating with them we are helping to stimulate their development that will help to provide them with the foundation of physical, social and intellectual development later in life. Nabeelah Lallmamode Write a draft food health and safety policy that can be used in the home childcare setting. Reference should be made to the EYFS statutory framework standards. Policy Statement To provide food that is deemed fit for consumption with compromising on dietary/religious needs. To ensure cleanliness and hygiene when dealing with and preparing food for consumption. To maintain without fail a clean, tidy and hygienic area where food is being stored, prepared and consumed in a childcare setting. Code of Conduct: Where meals are to be provided, they should be healthy, balanced and nutritious. Due to religious beliefs and dietary needs, the ingredients used and method of preparation should be individual to the worker/child’s needs if required. All food is to be checked before consumption by the workers within the childcare setting to minimise the risk of poisoning. Requirements: It is a must that the correct training is given to each member responsible for handling food. Fresh drinking water should be provided during every mealtime. Providers must record and act on information provided by parents of the children attending the childcare setting. There must be a well-maintained, hygienic area where food is being prepared and consumed. Where deemed necessary baby equipment used when aiding consumption should be sterilized before and after it’s use. If for any reason the member dealing with food is unwell or unable to handle food they should notify a superior. Any food incidents resulting in a two or more children becoming unwell will need to be reported to Ofsted or Child minder agency of which they are registered. Notification must be made within 14 days unless stated otherwise. Daily Practices: Food is fit for consumption. Make sure food is handled in the correct manner. Make sure the food is of the highest quality as expected by health officials. Food is not to be mislabeled or stored in a way that could make it harmful for consumption. Records of where the food is brought from will need to be detailed. If food additives are to be used make sure they are safe and will not compromise a child’s dietary needs or religious beliefs. A registered provider who fails to comply with all of the above, without reasonable excuse/circumstances, will be committing an offence. Nabeelah Lallmamode Construct a travel plan, which discusses the various factors that need to be taken into consideration when carrying out a visit from the childcare setting. Travel plans can be defined as being a package of actions designed by a workplace, school or other organisation to encourage safe, healthy and sustainable travel options.[5] In this assignment we will be looking at the effectiveness of these plans and implement different situation’s and it’s outcome. In order to make a journey safe we must evaluate different factors that can influence and alter the pattern of travelling. When carrying out a travel plan from a childcare setting we can look to various means of transportation such as walking, public transport and personal transport. If travel is being planned under the basis of walking various factors will need to be focused on. Depending on the age of the child in the childcare setting we have to establish whether he or she is physically able to walk the distance. The childcare setting will need to establish if there is sufficient pushchairs/wheelchairs, reigns and reflective tabards for the children, any equipment used will need to be tested beforehand. Not only is it essential to plan before setting out, it is also essential to teach the children about different signs and situations that can occur whilst on path to the destination. Children need to be taught about road safety and the best way to do this is through theory and practice. By teaching children about road safety (do’s and don’ts) pelican crossing, green man signals and Zebra crossing we are expanding their road safety knowledge. Embedding safety practices such as stop, look and listen will help build awareness of the traffic on road. It is often expected that public transport will be used during travel and making the children aware of the correct procedures when using these services will also provide them with the safety knowledge required. We have to establish the children’s independence of using public transport. Will they be able to stand and wait for the transport? Will transportation be used during rush hour? If so how can we decrease risk and increase awareness. Children will also need to be made aware of the risks present when using trains such as minding gaps and standing behind the yellow line. There are many activities, highlighted on government website[6] that can be practiced before setting out. Issuing correct paper work and obtaining consent also helps build a secure travel plan. When carrying out visitation from a childcare setting, the persons responsible (a CRB checked employee) will need to have all correct documentation in place such as consent forms. A first aid kit must be carried at all times by the worker along with a means of communication. Workers required, is dependent on group size. . If visitation is carried out through means of personal transport such as car or company van the correct, ‘vehicle record and permission to travel in a vehicle’ consent form is required. We are made aware on a daily basis through the means of advertisement, the safety and cautiousness that is required when travelling ourselves. It is even more essential to implement these procedures when carrying out visitation from a childcare setting. As can be seen above various methods and practices can be explored before a child is exposed to such activities and all this plays a part in constructing an effective travel plan. Safety awareness is all too important and helping to embed these into a child from an early age we positively increase awareness when they are travelling by themselves in later years. [1] How ofsted inspects 08/07/2014: http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/early-years-and-childcare/our-early-years-childcare-work/how-we-inspect-providers-early-years-register. [2]http://www.pacey.org.uk/childminders/sample_childminder_policies.aspx#StepOne (8-07-2014) [3]1 http://www.brookshealth.org/motor-skills.pdf [4]2http://www.childrenshealthnetwork.org/CRS/CRS/pa_bstimula_hhg.htm (8-07-2014) [5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_plan [6] http://think.direct.gov.uk/education/early-years-and-primary/pupils/under-5s/see/

The Rise And Fall Of Julius Caesar

The Rise And Fall Of Julius Caesar This paper will explain that having absolute control or power over another human- being or, in Caesars case an entire nation is a major responsibility. Caesar had the authority and was convinced that his way was the only way in the end it only produced negative results. Caesar was known in Roman History as the first dictator who was declared as dictator for life with no limits on how long he could remain ruler. Also how Caesar became popular with the lower and middle class and how he was killed by plotters who didnt want to lose their financial gain or political power. Gaius Julius Caesar was born in Rome, Italy on July 12th or 13th in the year 100 BC. Young, Caesar lived through one of the most horrifying decades in the history the city of Rome. The city was assaulted twice and captured by Roman armies, first in 87 BC by the leaders of the populares. The second attack was carried out by Marius enemy of Sulla, leader of the optimates. The patricians were small in numbers and their status was no longer a political advantage. Caesar and his family belonged to one of the original aristocracy; they were neither rich nor influential. Caesar was influenced by his mother and with her blessings he sought out notoriety for his familys name. Caesar became the man of the household after his fathers death at the age of sixteen. Caesar sought out election to the public office so that he could obtain distinction for himself and his family, in 86 with the help of his Uncle Marius Caesar was appointed Flamen Dialis. In 78 B.C. Caesar traveled to Rhodes to study rhetorics and returned in 73 B.C. On his journey his was captured by pirates and he convinced them to raise his ransom after all he was an original aristocracy and that increased his prestige. A naval force overcame his captors and they were later crucified. After his wifes death, Caesar met and fell in love with Pompeia, a relative of Caesars then friend, Pompey. Pompey later married Caesars daughter Julia in 59 BC. Caesars own attachment to Pompey and Pompeys marriage to Julia ended when she died in 54 BC. The marriage to Pompeia ended in 62 BC. Caesar divorced his wife because of the allegation that she had been implicated in the offense of Publius Clodius, who was awaiting trial for breaking into Caesars house the. Previous December. He was disguised as a woman at the festival of the Bona Dea, which no man is allowed to attend Caesar had secured for five years the governorship of three provinces. The provinces were Cisalpine Gaul, Transalpine Gaul, and Illyricum. He left Rome and remained in Gaul until his invasion of Italy. He continued north of the Alps each summer and left his armies there in garrison each winter while he came south to conduct the civil administration of Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum and to keep in contact with Rome. Caesar became determined to conquer and make a province of the whole of Gaul. After his defeat of the Belgic tribes in the north and the submission of the maritime tribes on the Atlantic seaboard, he believed that the task had all but been accomplished. The optimates in control of the senate now awake to the immense increase in Caesars personal power, wealth, and prestige, kept Pompey in Italy, allowing him to govern his Spanish provinces by deputies. The next year Spain made Caesar there governor. When he finally returned to Rome he joined forces with Pompey and Crassus. With a successful year running Spain Caesar was elected as Consul through political alliance through Pompey and Crassus. They were called the first Triumvirate. Crassus wanted a revision on the contract for collecting taxes in the province of Asia. Pompey wanted ratification on eastern settlement and land for his discharged troops. Where Caesar wanted to gain command of a big military. At a disorderly public gathering the agrarian bill was passed authorizing Pompeys veterans to purchase land in January 59 BC. A fellow consul Calpurnius Bibulus was thrown from the platform and has consular Insignia was broken. Knowing that they were superstitious Bibulus tried everything to stop Caesar and his followers from passing anymore laws, but he was only able to postpone them by saying that the stormy skies wouldnt allow it. Caesar had disregarded Bibulus behavior and allowed the legislative program of the triumvirate to be carried out. With the results of his action Caesar and his friends faced better attacks. The political opponents continued to say that the legislation was unconstitutional as well as invaded. Caesar returned to Rome for a short time in 47 BC before leaving to travel to Africa to crush his opponents. Caesar became increasingly interested in public affairs, and tried to gain the favor of the people. In 65 BC, he was elected to the office of aedile and organized public games. Caesar returned Marius trophies to their former place of honor in the capitol, thus lying claim to leaders of the Populares. Caesar won favor because he spent much money to provide recreation for the people, a lthough he went into great debt doing so. In 62 BC, Caesar became praetor, the office next in rank to consul. Catiline, a dissatisfied Roman politician, plotted a revolt. In breaking up this plot, leading aristocrats sought to disgrace the entire group of popular leaders, including Caesar, but they failed to hurt his political prospects. In 60 BC, Caesar allied himself with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Gnaeus Pompey in the First Triumvirate, an alliance that held considerable power in Rome. Crassus was a man of enormous wealth and political ambition. In 49 BC, Caesar had himself appointed dictator and consul after he defeated Pompeys troops in many battles. From the time that he had first faced battle and discovered his own military genius, Caesar was evidently fascinated and obsessed by military and imperial problems. He gave them an absolute priority over the more delicate, but no less the fundamental task of revising the Roman constitution. He met Pompeys army in Greece where, at Pharsalus in 48 BC, he defeated Pompeys for ces but Pompey escaped to Egypt. Caesar followed him later to find out that Pompey had been murdered. Within sixty days, Caesar became master of Italy. It took him nearly five years to complete the conquest of Pompey and his followers. As an orator, Caesar ranked second only to Cicero, the great Roman statesman and philosopher. Caesar is also famous as a writer. His Commentaries on the Gallic War describe his conquests in Gaul. The clear direct style of his work makes it a model of historical writing. Caesar used wisely the power he had won, and made many important reforms. He tried to control dishonest practices in the Roman and provincial governments. He improved the calendar, cleaning up confusion that had existed for hundreds of years. Caesar gave poor people in Rome an outlet to improve their way of living by establishing colonies, notably at Carthage and Corinth. Caesar had proved he was capable of governing Rome and its vast possessions. Yet, many of Caesars actions offended Roman pride. Caesar treated the Senate as a mere advisory council, and the senators resented this disrespect. He also offended many Romans by assuming the office of dictator. He returned in 78 BC when Sulla died and began his political career as prosecuting advocate. By training, Caesar was a politician rather than a soldier, but he knew he needed military victories to gain greater fame. Caesar gained military force and a loyal army from a campaign to conquer Gaul in 58 BC. It soon became clear that he was a military genius. Caesar had now become undisputed master of the Roman world. He pardoned the followers of Pompey. The people honored Caesar for his leadership and triumphs by granting him the powers of dictator for 10 years. Later, he was made dictator for life. In 49 BC, the conservatives ordered Caesar to give up his army. Caesar did not surrender his army to leave them defenseless, but instead did the opposite. Caesar used his army to invade Britain twice in 55 and 54 BC. He won this battle to lead to the conquering of Gaul, which included present day France, and Belgium, as well as parts of Holland, Germany, and Switzerland in 50 BC. Caesar then led his army of 5000 soldiers across the Rubicon, a stream that separated his provinces from Italy. This caused the start of the Roman Civil War. He conquered all territories east to the Rhine River, drove the Germans out of Gaul, and then crossed the Rhine to show the great might of Rome. He won this war to make Cleopatra ruler of Egypt. After his victory, Cleopatra was driven away from the throne. While this was going on Caesar invaded Alexandria. Caesar had gone to Alexandria in pursuit of Pompey, who was Caesars rival to become the next ruler of Rome. While looking for Pompey Caesar met and fell in love with Cleopatra. Caesar helped her regain power by defeating her enemies. Caesar asked her to return to Rome with him to pursue their love and she did. She gave birth to a little boy named Caesarion claiming that it was for Caesar. While she was giving birth Caesar was off claiming another victory. He then defeated Pharnaces II, King of Pontus. Caesar had a saying Veni, Vidi, Vici meaning I came, I saw, I conquered. Caesar, being unaware of a plot to murder him, took his seat in the senate chair. As the meeting progressed, Caesar was handed a petition by one of the conspirators. As expected, he declined granting the petition, thus making crowds gather around him to urge him to agree upon it. With further reluctance the first blow was struck to Caesars neck. Soon all the conspirators were striking him with their swords. In all, twenty-three swords penetrated Caesars skin, but only one was fatal. Caesars last words, as he looked upon his conspirators, are translated into, And you too, Brutus? . At that moment of recognition, Caesar fell to his death. The body of Julius Caesar lay for some time undisturbed where it had fallen. Of the slaves whom Caesar gathered over time, only three remained. They gathered around his body and examined the wounds. After the examination the slaves decided to carry the body home. They had found a nearby chair to place Caesars body on to carry him home to Calpurnia. After a provocative funeral oration by Marc Antony, Caesars body was burned by the mob in the forum. At the games in his honor the following July, a comet appeared. It was regarded as evidence of his godhead and he was formally renamed as divus Julius, or divine Julius. Octavius, whose name became Caesar Octavianus after his adoption by Caesars will, solved, by his creation of the Roman principate, the constitutional problem that Caesar failed to solve.

Caribbean History :: Socio-Cultural Areas Culture Islands Essays

Caribbean History I. A Note on Historical Methodology: The conventional method of studying history consists of a chronological process. For example, the history of the ‘New World,’ or in particular the history of the Caribbean seems to originate in 1492, the year Columbus mistakenly landed upon Hispanola. Not long after the discovery of the New World, the age of European colonialism in the Americas emerges. This condensed version of the first several decades of European influence in the New World are the common historical accounts rendered about early Caribbean history. How effective and accurate is this seemingly Eurocentric rendition of Caribbean History? There may not be one specific right or wrong answer to this inquiry. However, there are alternative methods of unveiling or unmasking a history lesson by simply starting in media res (in the middle of things) or even in the present times. This methodology of studying history is indeed a retracting and unmasking process in which society and culture convey the history of a particular country or region as the Caribbean. In order to fully grasp the intricacies and complexities of Caribbean one must scrutinize and in a sense deconstruct the social and cultural fibers of the Caribbean. The remnants of colonialism in the Caribbean have created a history manifested in the imagery of society and culture. History in the Caribbean can be unveiled in skin tones and rumbas. The history of the Caribbean lives in architecture as well as behind church doors. Thus, in order to learn about the Caribbean, one must ‘unlearn’ or deviate from the Eurocentric rendition of history in the Caribbean. In the Caribbean, the present (culture and society) tells many truths about the past. II. Methodology in Practice: Michelle Cliff’s novel Abeng and her essay "If I Could Write this in Fire" personify the historical process in the Caribbean. Cliff’s works portray the images of the political, social, cultural, and economic issues discussed by Sidney Mintz and Antonio Benitez-Rojo. Cliff’s literary works depict the contemporary social and cultural constructs of Jamaican society. In this process of interpretation and devolution of Michelle Cliff’s portraits of Jamaican society the remnants of colonialism truly become apparent. Consequently, Cliff’s desire to make sense of the current deplorable conditions of racial inequality has prompted her to ‘look back’ and as she states in her essay: To try and locate the vanishing point: where lines of perspective converge and disappear. Lines of color and class. Caribbean History :: Socio-Cultural Areas Culture Islands Essays Caribbean History I. A Note on Historical Methodology: The conventional method of studying history consists of a chronological process. For example, the history of the ‘New World,’ or in particular the history of the Caribbean seems to originate in 1492, the year Columbus mistakenly landed upon Hispanola. Not long after the discovery of the New World, the age of European colonialism in the Americas emerges. This condensed version of the first several decades of European influence in the New World are the common historical accounts rendered about early Caribbean history. How effective and accurate is this seemingly Eurocentric rendition of Caribbean History? There may not be one specific right or wrong answer to this inquiry. However, there are alternative methods of unveiling or unmasking a history lesson by simply starting in media res (in the middle of things) or even in the present times. This methodology of studying history is indeed a retracting and unmasking process in which society and culture convey the history of a particular country or region as the Caribbean. In order to fully grasp the intricacies and complexities of Caribbean one must scrutinize and in a sense deconstruct the social and cultural fibers of the Caribbean. The remnants of colonialism in the Caribbean have created a history manifested in the imagery of society and culture. History in the Caribbean can be unveiled in skin tones and rumbas. The history of the Caribbean lives in architecture as well as behind church doors. Thus, in order to learn about the Caribbean, one must ‘unlearn’ or deviate from the Eurocentric rendition of history in the Caribbean. In the Caribbean, the present (culture and society) tells many truths about the past. II. Methodology in Practice: Michelle Cliff’s novel Abeng and her essay "If I Could Write this in Fire" personify the historical process in the Caribbean. Cliff’s works portray the images of the political, social, cultural, and economic issues discussed by Sidney Mintz and Antonio Benitez-Rojo. Cliff’s literary works depict the contemporary social and cultural constructs of Jamaican society. In this process of interpretation and devolution of Michelle Cliff’s portraits of Jamaican society the remnants of colonialism truly become apparent. Consequently, Cliff’s desire to make sense of the current deplorable conditions of racial inequality has prompted her to ‘look back’ and as she states in her essay: To try and locate the vanishing point: where lines of perspective converge and disappear. Lines of color and class.

Southworths Brilliant Writing Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Southworth's Brilliant Writing    Few nineteenth-century American women novelists met with success equal to that of Emma Dorothy Eliza Nevitte Southworth (E.D.E.N. Southworth). Harriet Beecher Stowe, Susan Warner, Fanny Fern, and others certainly sold record numbers of individual novels; however, E.D.E.N. Southworth's over 40 novels consistently became best-sellers throughout a 44-year career, making her, over time, perhaps the best-selling author, male or female, of her generation. Her stories entered into the American consciousness--becoming popular plays, shaping fashion trends, developing women's visions of themselves--as well as shaped the image of "Americanness" in the minds of international readers around the globe. In particular, Southworth's novels taught the world a vision of the American woman that equaled in power and influence James Fenimore Cooper's presentation of the American man that so captured international attention. Back at home, reviewers, critics, and other novelists either praised or rejected the immense energy of her writing, her vision, calling her the best novelist of the age or, conversely, attacking the unladylike exuberance of her prose or themes. Her primacy forced the literary world to respond--either as lovers or haters. Southworth's life trials shaped the fiction writer she became. As a woman repeatedly placed on the margins--by poverty, neglect, social stratification, status as an abandoned woman--Southworth learned to speak the language of the dispossessed. In an era when debates over human rights dominated the political and social landscape, Southworth wrote fiction celebrating strong independent women, aboli... ... to rewrite nineteenth-century literary history to include Southworth, for she reflected and commented upon the social realities for women in her time, argued for human rights for many without voices, and promoted tolerance of religion, race, and class, and in doing so, captured the imagination of generations of readers. In her own time, Southworth's voice certainly carried far, reaching across the country and over the oceans to England, France, Germany, and Iceland to touch the hearts and minds of millions. She deserves a place in literary history, not only for the impact she had on readers, but also for the lessons she teaches us about nineteenth-century culture, social tensions, and gender, class, and race ideology. Southworth stands, then as now, as a vital figure in the development of the novel in America.   

Act Four of the Crucible Essay

How does Miller present John Proctor as a heroic figure in Act Four of ‘The Crucible’? Does the play have any relevance for us watching it today?  A hero is ‘a person who is admired for having done something very brave or having achieved something great’ according to www.dictionary.co.uk. I also think a hero is a person who doesn’t necessarily have to be of a ‘pure’ soul, who has never done anything wrong. For example, in ‘The Crucible,’ a person like Rebecca Nurse who never did anything wrong wasn’t portrayed as a hero to us. We see John Proctor’s actions as more heroic and they are similar to Linford Christie’s actions (where he was accused for taking drugs and now acts as a senior mentor for athletes) which a modern audience watching it today would see as a comparable, if a less serious, situation. Miller presents Proctor as a heroic figure in Act Four of ‘The Crucible’ by John Proctor’s actions. These include John refusing to sign the document, which would save his life. However, at the same time it would mean he would lie and Proctor would rather die than sign a document, which condemned him to working with the devil. I feel this shows John as a hero because he has not only done something very brave by giving his life, which people will admire, but because he has struggled through and done the right thing which will ultimately lead to an end in the accusations of witchcraft in Salem. This part of the play deserves a lot of attention as it shows the greatest act of heroism in the play by Proctor. It also reflects the most relevance for an audience watching today, who would relate John’s example to their own lives. In the earlier acts of the play Miller shows John Proctor resisting temptation from Abigail. The reader sees this as heroic because we know that John has already had an affair and he doesn’t want to cheat again. The reader also knows that it is hard for John Proctor and when he does resist Abagail the reader sees this as a heroic action. The way other characters respond to John Proctor also shows us that John is a hero. Miller shows other characters, for example Mary Warren, respecting him. The first time Miller introduces John into the play we see how other characters respect his authority. ‘MARY WARREN leaps in fright.’ Mary was doing wrong and Proctor discovered her. The fact that we see her leaping in fright shows how she respects John’s authority. She admires him enough to feel ashamed of her wrong doing and a hero is someone who is admired by other people. In Act 4 Proctor knows he has made mistakes in the past and doesn’t think that people will see him as a hero if he is hung. ‘I cannot mount the gibbet like a saint. It is a fraud.’ By John saying this it shows he is not arrogant. The audience see arrogance as an unheroic action. John Proctor says he refuses to testify because he detests authority. ‘It is hard to give a lie to dogs.’ Miller makes John refer to authority figures as dogs because they are hanging people for incorrect and false acusations. Proctor refuses to lie because he wants to stand up to a corrupt justice system. The audience sees this as a heroic action because he is prepared to sacrifice himself in order to abolish the justice system in the future. For John to give his life it is the biggest act of bravery a man can do and we see this bravery as a noble action. In this final act Miller suggests to us that John is performing actions with other people in mind rather than himself. If he confesses he wants to know if other people will be able to forgive him for lying. ‘What would you have me do?’ Proctor is thinking about confessing and he does not want Elizabeth, or any other person, to think badly about him for lying. This is because he is feeling guilty. This guilt shows human emotions and the audience sees this as something they can relate to in their everyday life, because John is a person like us. However, John leads by example and, although he is human, he is a role model who always tries to do the right thing even if it is difficult and may have consequences for him. An earlier example of this is John attempting to save Elizabeth in court by confessing his act of adultery. ‘I have known her, sir.’ This is what makes him heroic for the audience as he tries to do the right thing, for other people not just him, when it is sometimes difficult because of the resulting consequences. Another way in which we see John as heroic is because he physically tears up the confession slip. ‘PROCTOR tears the paper and crumples it.’ This action by Proctor is heroic because he is trying to correct his mistakes. Proctor isn’t perfect but he tries to make up for what he has done wrong in the past. Proctor doesn’t want to return to his old ways of doing wrong as he felt contrite and ashamed of his affair with Abigail. The audience admires his attempt to correct his wrong doing and in doing so Miller gains the audience’s respect for Proctor. Our admiration for Proctor makes us relate John to being a hero because by definition a hero is admired by other people because of their actions.

A research proposal on sporting and its personal development Essay

The usual playing adds little value to an individual. Sport, however, helps in the development of athletic as well as the physical abilities. Sports involve team work which adds value to the social context of an individual, the way of relationship with team members and how one perceives himself. The presence of a coach in a game helps in the control of various lessons that sportsmen learn in the field of play. The coaches help in the examination of values, designing of activities considering various results as well as leading through examples. This work will address various types of development related to sports including â€Å"physical, intellectual, social, and emotional as well as moral capabilities† (Barez 2008). Problem statement Different people have different opinions on sports and sporting activities. However, it is well known that sports lead to development of certain positive qualities including self discipline, dedication and leadership skills through the competitive participation in various events. On the other, a number of people also argue that sports do not have a positive result on character development due to the win ego. In this case, the mentality for a must win leads to unethical behaviors including excessive cheating, aggressiveness and drug abuse. This makes the real value of sports very complex and worth a discussion topic on this paper. However, the pros outdo the cons and the paper will discuss on sports as a development activity. Sports help in the physical development through balancing the mind, body as well as the spirit (Holt 2008). Literature review  In the early childhood as Bares (2008) states, sporting which is mostly in form of play helps in learning skills including running and jumping as well as balancing. This also helps in gaining and development of social, emotional, moral and cognitive competencies. This helps the children to learn the rights and the wrongs. As a result this develops the individual creativity in addition to the physical development (Bares 2008). In this case, winning is not the major factor but the child engages in sporting activities for fun, enjoyment and normal participation. In this case, success is contributed through fun and creativity. The participation in various roles under different games helps in stimulation of the child creativity and imagination. The children are in a position of exploring as well as interacting with the environment. This is in addition to testing their motor skills, interaction and solving of problem individually (Holt 2008). In the middle childhood, sporting becomes a regular activity for children. Sporting helps in development of confidence in various areas including â€Å"social, emotional, mental and physical aspects. † This helps them in mastering and neglecting the negative influences. Sporting at this level also help in cooperation and competition that are constructive. In addition, it works in the independence in solving conflicts and being responsible (Murphy 2005). During the early adolescent stage, the children experience various body developments and this could be coupled with emotional stress and instability. Sporting helps the teenagers to control their emotions and making of responsible choices. During sporting activities, the exchange of information helps in development of communication skills which helps them in expression and solving of problems (Barez 2008). Sporting helps in literal interpretation and respect where one learns to adhere to various rules. There is a schedule that must be followed for exercising and this works in building of responsibility where one should also be committed and able to persevere. During various competitions, sporting helps the teenagers to develop self control as well as respecting others where one is able to accept wins with humility as well as losing. Teammates are supportive and this with various other traits goes beyond the field to the individual ways of living (Murphy 2005). In the late adolescent, according to Barez (2008), sporting plays a major role where teenagers are involved in various decisions making including â€Å"personal relationships, higher education, vocational training and career activities. Various hardships like â€Å"unemployment, financial strains, career confusion, unsatisfactory work experiences and lack of family support† among others pose a great threat to individual life. Sporting helps in provision of increased levels of self esteem, perseverance and self discipline. Sporting helps in supporting self competence and independence. However, sporting in itself is also a career and work as source of income. Through sporting one establishes his personal goals as well as career objectives (Barez 2008). Conclusion  Sporting is a major part of personal life which helps in achievement of high life standards and expectations. First, sporting acts as a motivational tool which works in encouragement and development of effective learning methods. It helps one to have specific life goals and objectives by focusing on training goals which calls for self discipline and responsibility. One is able to work without supervision with consistency which calls for commitment for performance. One is able to undergo great perseverance and can approach problems with confidence.

Fundamental Breach According to the Cisg

Article 25 A breach of contract committed by one of the parties is fundamental if it results in such detriment to the other party as substantially to deprive him of what he is entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party in breach did not foresee and a reasonable person of the same kind in the same circumstances would not have foreseen such a result. (CISG 1980) Used when: One of the parties suffers damages due to a breach of contract. The breach becomes fundamental when it is due to the other parties fault.This article could be interpreted as to whether or not the breaching party was ‘guilty’ of any form of neglect which caused the damages. If they could have prevented the damages, by handling reasonably, they are guilty of a fundamental breach of contract. Case: Tribunal: Court of Arbitration of the ICC Case#: 7531 of 1994 Seller’s Country: China (defendant) Buyer’s Country: Austria (claimant) Goods involved: Scaffold fittings Summary of the ca se: The plaintiff bought 80. 00 scaffold fittings from the Chinese seller. Upon delivery it turned out a substantial amount of the fittings were of bad quality. The buyer was only able to sell the goods partially and at a reduced price. Sorting out the good ones from the bad ones would have added an estimated third of the purchase-price. The Tribunal ruled in favour of the plaintiff as ‘an important part’ of the fittings did not conform to the sample which therefore resulted in a fundamental breach of contract.What was the effect of Article 25: It was proven that the plaintiff had suffered substantial damages due to the breach of contract. This enabled him to use art 25 and sue for damages. ? Article 35 (1) The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract. 2) Except where the parties have agreed otherwise, the goods do not conform with the contract unless they: (a) are fit for the purposes for which goods of the same description would ordinarily be used; (b) are fit for any particular purpose expressly or impliedly made known to the seller at the time of the conclusion of the contract, except where the circumstances show that the buyer did not rely, or that it was unreasonable for him to rely, on the seller's skill and judgement; (c) possess the qualities of goods which the seller has held out to the buyer as a sample or model; (d) are contained or packaged in the manner usual for such goods or, where there is no such manner, in a manner adequate to preserve and protect the goods. 3) The seller is not liable under subparagraphs (a) to (d) of the preceding paragraph for any lack of conformity of the goods if at the time of the conclusion of the contract the buyer knew or could not have been unaware of such lack of conformity. (CISG 1980) Used when: This article is used when the goods delivered are not fit for the purpo se intended for them or when they are not of the same quality as the sample provided by the seller. They also need to be packed in a manner adequate to preserve and protect the goods. If they are not fit for purpose due to adequate packing, this the sellers fault. Note though that fitness for purpose is a broad term. For instance if meat has been purchased by a butcher in France he might deem the goods unfit as he meant to use them for Kosher meat. This does not count as the seller could not have foreseen this, unless it was mentioned.When selling it to a butcher in Israel however, the seller could have/ should have known these requirements. In fitness for purpose we look at the average quality required for products, unless expressly mentioned otherwise. Case: Tribunal: Bundesgerichthof (Federal Supreme Court) Case#: VIII ZR 159/94 Seller’s Country: Switzerland (Plaintiff) Buyer’s Country: Germany (Defendant) Goods involved: New Zealand Mussels Summary of the case: In this case the buyer bought mussels from a Swiss seller; the buyer later found they contained a cadmium level higher than the German health authorities allowed. Therefore he was not allowed to sell and he refused to pay due to a lack of conformity.The courts decided that though the cadmium levels in the mussels was higher than allowed in Germany, they were still eatable and did meet the standard required by the Swiss health authorities. It was therefore decided that the goods were of the required quality and the buyer should have mentioned the maximum cadmium levels allowed. What was the effect of Article 35: In this case it meant that the products did meet the required standard for quality of goods and the buyer had to pay for the products. ? Article 36 (1) The seller is liable in accordance with the contract and this Convention for any lack of conformity which exists at the time when the risk passes to the buyer, even though the lack of conformity becomes apparent only after that t ime. 2) The seller is also liable for any lack of conformity which occurs after the time indicated in the preceding paragraph and which is due to a breach of any of his obligations, including a breach of any guarantee that for a period of time the goods will remain fit for their ordinary purpose or for some particular purpose or will retain specified qualities or characteristics. (CISG 1980) Used when: The goods sold initially seem to be in good order, however after some time a lack of quality shows. This is only viable when the reason for this is due the sellers fault (e. g. When cars are sold and the paint starts to faint a month after the buyer obtained them, this could be the sellers fault due to using the wrong paint). Case:Tribunal: Bundesgerichtshof [Federal Supreme Court] Case#: VIII ZR 67/04 Seller’s Country: Belgium (Plaintiff) Buyer’s Country: Germany (Defendant) Goods involved: Frozen Pork Summary of the case: The buyer bought the goods to sell them on into Bosnia- Herzegovina. There were to be three deliveries of pork. In between deliveries a new ordinance was enacted in Germany (due to concerns regarding contamination of the meat) which stated that Belgian pork was no longer marketable unless a health certificated was provided. The defendants refuse to pay after they had been prohibited to resale the meats, which were then taken by customs and ultimately disposed of.The plaintiff argued that the risk had passed to the buyer when the goods were transported and therefor was liable for the events that took place. The court held however, that if the concerns were regarding to the harmfulness of the foodstuff to human health, the goods cannot be sold and therefor lack the required fitness for purpose. What was the effect of Article 36: Art 36 could be used in this case because the meat would already have been contaminated upon leaving the seller. Despite the fact that it was not detected until much later, when the risk had already passed to the buyer, the seller was still responsible as it was an initial breach of contract. ? Reference List: CISG 1980, United Nations, Accessed 26th of march 2013, ; http://www. cisg. law. pace. edu;

Amul Motivation

MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGY Motivation is the process of indoctrinating sales people with the unity of purpose to maintain aharmonious relationship among each other in the sales organization. Motivation is the amount of effort that the sales person desires to expend on each of the activities or the tasks associated withthe sales job. The selection of the motivational tool is the most crucial step in the design process and that iswhatAMULalso kept in mind. AMULdeploys both types of motivational tools i. e. : Financial motivators Financial motivation is the most prominent method to motivate the sales people towardsachieving higher sales) Non-financial motivators (Non-financial motivation plays a vital role for sales people at the later stages when they needthe psychological satisfaction, beyond the monetary benefits. In AMUL, financial motivators include: ?Adhoc Adhoc is a one type of allowance given to employees. union is deciding this allowance asan extra benefit for employees. ?HRA:- Hous e rent allowance is given to employees as an incentive.HRA is given to thatemployees who are not leave in quarter allotted by union. HRA is deciding bymanagement committee every three year according to designation of employee. ?Travel Allowance:- Travel Allowance is given to employees as incentives. Travel allowance is deciding bymanagement and committee according to designation of employee. ?Medical:- For the medical expanse of employees this allowance is given. Medical allowance isdeciding by management committee according to designation of employee. Thisallowance is given to employee for their children education. Bonus:- Individual employees may receive additional compensation payments in the form of bonus, which is a onetime payment that does not become part of the employees basic In AMUL bonus is paid to employee on regular basis on Diwali. According to thepayment of bonus Act. 1965 organisation must paid bonus at a rate of 8. 33%. AMULfollow this rule and paid minimum 8. 33% o f basic + D. A + Adhoc as a bonus. Some timethey also paid more than 8. 33% of bonus to employees. ?Production Bonus:- In AMUL production bonus is also paid to employees. management decides this bonus.In this bonus they decide some amount per day and than that amount is multiply withworking days of employees. whatever the resulted amount is given to employees as a production bonus. For example if management decide Rs. 4 per day and one employeework 200 days in a year than Production Bonus = 200*4 Production Bonus = 800 So that employee get Rs. 800 as a production bonus. In AMUL the other allowance is also given likePerformance Allowance. According to Gradethis allownce is given. In AMUL if any employee want advance then there will be provision of such facility.In AMUL they also have given LTC every four year to their employees. this mount paid according to designation of employee Non-financial motivators deployed in AMUL: Promotion Promotion may be defined as an upward advancement o f an employee in an employee in an organization, which command better pay, better working environment facilities and a higher responsibility. Following are some criteria to be considering for the promotion. ?Promotion should be earned. ?Opinion of Divisional Head, Past Record, Behavior is to be considering while promoting a person. ?Skill and Knowledge is also considered.In AMUL following point are to be consider while promoting employees. : ? Seniority. ?Vacancies. ?Opinion of Divisional head, past record, behavior. ?Skill and knowledge. ?Experience. ?Loyalty toward organisation. In AMUL, Managing director signs the promotion letter getting recommendation fromAdministrative Department. They have promotion policy on the period 3 or 5 year. In AMULRetirement Age decided is as 58 years. Seminar:- In AMUL seminars are organized for development purposes. For that, managerial person participate in seminar conducted by out side consultant company engaged.The seminar is conducted out side the premises of AMUL . In such type of seminar, sales people are motivatedto achieve their targets, they are encouraged to improve their leadership skills and supervision Conference:- The conference is ideally suited to learning problems and issues and examiningthem from different angles. In AMUL such conference are mainly arranged for managerialdevelopment. In this conference the discussion is focused on quality assurance, problem solvingetc. The trainees as members can learn from others..The other motivational and development programmes arranged by AMUL are within the premises. The development programmes are arranged on various topic like anger free life, mind power development, positive changing, personality development etc. Also program on effectiveleadership, motivation are arranged for the employees. This help managerial persons to maintaingood relation with employees. COMPENSATION POLICY IN AMUL The success of any sales organization depends on the achievement of the sales goa l set for theshort-term as well as long  ±term periods of time.While other programmes like sales forcerecruitment, training and motivation are a cost to the company,sales force compensation dealswith the management of the performance of the sales people for generating revenue for the firm. Sales people tend to increase and manage their performance by linking it to the compensationthey receive from the sales organization. In AMUL, compensation generally comprises of the cash payments which include fixed salary, bonus and shared profit. Good compensation plan have a salutary effect on sales people.Theyare happier in the work; co  ± operative with management and productivity is up. There can be both monetary and non  ± monetary forms of compensation too. Wages in the widest sense mean any economic compensation paid by the company under somecontract to his sales force for the services rendered by them. They are basic salary andallowances. The basic wage is the remuneration, which is paid or payable to the sales person interms of his contract of employment for the work done by him. Allowance includes dearnessallowance, bonus, overtime pay etc

Cultural Foundation - I will upload them in word document Essay

Cultural Foundation - I will upload them in word document - Essay Example He would therefore, grade me based on how I comprehended his poetic texts For my grade, Homer would give me an A in cultural foundation. This is based on my ability to articulate what he had written in the Iliad with real life situations as an attempt to bring literature close to reality. In the Iliad, the author brings out Achilles as a character full of rage and anger (Homer 210). Most people get angry as well in the current world. However, we should be in a position to control this anger depending on the circumstances. Getting the message Homer was trying to put across and relating it to humans today could be the main reason for the author to give me an A. In the Iliad, Homer also depicts love as one of the major themes. There is the love between Achilles and Breseis. There is also the love Achilles has for his mother. Love is a very crucial part of the human nature. Everyone can fall in love despite how strong or brave we are as was the case with Achilles in the Iliad (Homer 360). Homer is a poet who writes his poems based on major themes. The themes are brought out in a rather plain and direct manner. Being in a position to learn that great epic poets such as homer bring out there thoughts and expressions plainly would earn you a good grade in cultural foundation Another great author of ancient poems is Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid). Ovid was a roman poet well known for Heriodes, Amores, and Ars Amatoria. Most of the poetry by Ovid influenced the European art and literature. Their influence and effect spill over for many years and still shape the direction of art globally. The poet mostly writes his poems based on his personal life experiences. The author uses persona in his works to communicate to people. In cultural foundation, Ovid would also have given me an A. This is because I would learn a lot from his persona writing style. Reading a poem wrote in style links your emotions to the poem making the poem even more communicative. Homer and Ovid use

Unique Marketing Model of Aldi Company Case Study - 135

Unique Marketing Model of Aldi Company - Case Study Example The international expansion of Aldi stores made a large impact on leading global retailers (Steen & Lane1). Giving customers first priority by owing them respect played a major role in the competitive environment. Production of superior and new brands than the competitors would play a significant role in sustaining the competitive advantage to Aldi. International expansion of the stores would also play a major role in sustaining competitive advantage (Tichy & DeRose Web). Lowering the prices and increasing the quality level of production to customers. Provision of unique and superior brands created loyalty to most of the suppliers of Aldi for long period of time and some customers believed that the products were national brands from a foreign country (Tichy & DeRose Web). Lowering the prices brings in more customers since all can purchase their choices with the little they own. Further, since the majority are always after quality products, more customers would come in to enjoy their respective preferences. Aldi greatly believed that quality is affordable to meet the growing demand by successfully entering new markets in Houston, Florida and New York and introducing of new product such as organic foods. Aldi’s financials are average. The company does not seem to get more revenues from other competitions such as Walmart. The company’s financial position is however very strong. The company generally has healthy financial statements with ever increasing in revenue collected almost on a yearly basis. According to the Aldi and Walmart data of (2012), the global revenue of Aldi ranges at $66 billion compared to that of Walmart that ranges from $444 billion.(Steen & Lane10) This is a clear indication that Aldi level is low compared to Walmart. Walmart also had the number of stores in the U.S compared to Aldi each owning 1,188 and 3211 respectively.  

Details are below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Details are below - Essay Example The article begins by stating the essential skills that a nurse should possess to make the patients comfortable while answering the questions posed by the nurse. According to the article a nurse who possesses good communication skills can make the process of taking the patient history more constructive. The article guides a nurse through the entire of process of taking patient history, by providing details about the manner of approach that should be followed by the nurse. For taking an accurate history of the patient, it is vital that the nurse is proficient in communication skills. â€Å"The nurse should be able to gather information in a systematic, sensitive and professional manner. Good communication skills are essential.† (Lloyd, 2007). And it is the development of these communication skills that is discussed in the article. The article also aids a nurse to communicate efficiently with the patients, by providing the kind of approach that the nurse should adopt while deali ng with the patients. â€Å"Practitioners should avoid the use of technical terms or jargon and, whenever possible, use the patient’s own words†. (Lloyd, 2007). When the patient is comforted by the approach of the nurse, he/she will not be hesitant to disclose the information needed by the nurse. The article also presents the requirement of obtaining the consent of the patient and the necessity of this procedure. It also mentions the various methods through which the consent of the patient can be acquired. The process of taking the history of the patient is divided into various sections. And the course of action that should be followed in each part by the nurse is presented in the article. In the article, the author has suggested some questions that can help the nurse in starting the process of taking of patient history. It also provides the details of the

MGM grand Fire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MGM grand Fire - Research Paper Example What could occur if a Second annual computer conference COMDEX’80 would not be held in Las Vegas when the blaze started? I woke up to screams of â€Å"fire†. I got dressed immediately, but by the time I went to the hallway, I could not get out because the smoke was so thick †¦ I did not break my window because there was so much smoke outside. (Canon, M. p.17) The MGM Grand Hotel was constructed during 1972-1973 as a 23-floor building with 2100 rooms that was on top of the great ground-floor entertainment center that accommodated a casino, showrooms, get-together room, and sell space. When the MGM Grand was finished in 1972, it was the biggest hotel on the planet. Though similar to all other Vegas gambling places where slots and table games gather the profit, the stress was on getting it up and running so the returns would begin running in to reimburse for high costs prior to the expected earnings. Having that a main purpose, MGM Grand was allowed to open with almos t no fire protection at all, to the point that minor precautions, like fire doors, were installed only after insurers were about to list the place as â€Å"unprotected†. Later, after the fire, an investigation confirmed that the fire spread so rapidly due to many installations and design flaws. Sometime early in the morning of November 21, 1980, something caused an electrical ground fault. The electrical wiring, which was powering the refrigeration unit for a food cabinet display, sparkled inside the soffit. Hotel’s restaurant Deli was closed for the night so the fire burned for a while, undetected. When the hotel originally opened, the Deli was working around the clock. On that ground, MGM Grand also got an exception on installing sprinkler system. However, open hours have changed. Had the Deli be open, the fire would likely be detected and easily contained. As it was closed for the night, hours passed before the fire found fresh oxygen, and burst into a fireball cros sway the catwalk in the casino. Within only six minutes after the fire was discovered, the whole casino area was ablaze, and the fire was spreading very rapidly. The Clark County Fire Department Unit was alarmed at 7:15 AM, and firefighters from the station straight across the road came in just 4 minutes, in time to witness the fire burst. During the five minutes, fire destroyed plastic and other inflammable materials, and spread through the casino at a speed of nineteen feet per second. The fire burnt the manual alarm amplifiers prior to the manual alarm was activated, so the majority of visitors became aware of the fire only at the time when they noticed or felt smoke, saw fire unit apparatus, or were informed by other visitors. Because the construction was equipped with sprinklers only in some parts, there were not any sprinklers in the major casino area. No automatic smoke recognition or fire alarm system was installed, with only manual pull devices set up throughout the hotel. The area protected by sprinklers at the east and south sides of the casino aided in extinguishing the fire. Force from the fireball raged out the front doors of the hotel all the way down to the northwest side. Blaze ran into the roofed entrance and valet part, wounding several passers-by and destroying a number of parked vehicles. Because of the upright gaps with insufficient protection and the non-stop working heating, and air-conditioning system, smoke spread all the way through the building.