Sodium Intake - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 933 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/24 Category Advertising Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Sodium is a mineral that is present only in small quantities in most natural foods, but salt is added, often in large amounts, in food processing and by cooks to enhance flavor. Sodium is the predominant ion in extra cellular fluid. Sodium (Na) is the predominant cation in extra cellular fluid and its concentration is under tight homeostatic control. Excess dietary sodium is excreted in the urine. The kidney very efficiently reabsorbs the mineral when intakes are low or losses are excessive. Sodium consort with potassium, the chief cation of intracellular fluid, to maintain proper body water distribution and blood pressure. Sodium also is important in maintaining the proper acid-base balance and in the transmission of nerve impulses. It is a n essential mineral found in the bones and the fluids surrounding cells. It generally works with potassium. Sodium is a constituent of body secretions like saliva and enzymes. Since it is lost when the body sweats, supplements are need ed during hard labor on hot days. Sodium may be beneficial for the treatment of diarrhea, leg cramps, dehydration, and fever. Sodium is vital component of nerves as it stimulates muscle contraction. Sodium also helps to keep calcium and other minerals soluble in the blood, as well as stimulating the adrenal glands. High sodium levels can cause high blood pressure. Sodium aids in preventing heat prostration or sunstroke Sodium functions with chloride and bicarbonate to maintain a balance of positive and negative ions (electrically charged particles) in our body fluids and tissues. The body receives sodium primarily in the form of table salt (sodium chloride). Sodium, the principal extra cellular ion, has the property of holding water in body tissues. The appropriateness of current recommendations for the general healthy population to reduce sodium intake has been a matter of debate in the scientific community. Public health scientists generally support the population-wide appro ach, while many clinically- or laboratory-oriented scientists are unconvinced that the population approach has sufficient benefit to offset the potential burdento either consumers or industry associated with sodium reduction. In addition, although sodium reduction to the levels recommended is presumed to be safe for healthy adults, the debate about this issue has been fueled by assertions that sodium reduction might have adverse effects on health. These assertions about adverse effects appear unwarranted. Sources of sodium Sodium added to processed foods accounts for the majority of sodium (75 %) in the US diet. The remainder comes from discretionary salt (15 %) and the sodium that occurs naturally in foods (10%). A substantial portion of sodium in foods is hidden in the sense that it occurs in foods that are moderate in sodium content and that are not thought of as salty foods, e. g. , processed grain and cereal products, but which are consumed regularly. Other contributors t o high sodium intake are foods with high amounts of salt. High amounts of salt are found in table salt and soy sauce, followed by foods in brine such as pickles, olives and sauerkraut. Salty or smoked meats and fish, salted snack foods, bouillon cubes, bottled sauces, processed cheeses, and canned and instant soups also contain significant levels of sodium. Benefits of sodium Sodium is an electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure. Along with potassium and chloride, it regulates fluids and acid-base balance in the body. It is also involved in nerve transmission and muscle contraction, including the heartbeat. Sodium may be beneficial for the treatment of diarrhea, leg cramps, dehydration, and fever. Sodium functions with chloride and bicarbonate to maintain a balance of positive and negative ions (electrically charged particles) in our body fluids and tissues. Sodium also helps to keep calcium and other minerals soluble in the blood, as well as stimula ting the adrenal glands. Deficiency symptoms of sodium Sodium deficiency is a condition in which we fail to receive an adequate supply of sodium. The most frequently observed sodium deficiency occurs when excessive heat causes heavy perspiration, thus reducing body water and sodium to the extent that gross dehydration affects normal activity patterns. Symptoms may include feelings of weakness, apathy, and nausea as well as cramps in the muscles of the extremities. Taking additional salt in tablet form is a preventive measure, and persons may use increased amounts of table salt on their food to supplant sodium lost during dehydration and sweating. In rare cases, sodium deficiency can lead to shock due to decreased blood pressure. Too little sodium in the diet disturbs the tissue-water and acid-base balance that is important to good nutritional status. Symptoms of high intake High sodium diets, common in modern society, may lead to water retention and hypertension. However, sodi um is generally nontoxic for healthy adult individuals because it is excreted readily in the urine. High salt intakes have been correlated with hypertension. Meta analyses suggest that a reduction in sodium intake of 2,300mg/day would lower systolic blood pressure by about 5-6 mm Hg and diastolic pressure by 1-2 mm Hg among hypertensives, who comprise a sizeable proportion of the US adult population. Daily requirement The Estimated Minimum Requirement of Healthy Persons for sodium from the National Academy of Sciences ranges from 120 mg/day for infants to 500 mg/day for adults and children 10 years. Recommendations for the maximum amount of sodium that can be incorporated into a healthy diet range from 2,400 to 3,000 mg/day or 6 to 7. 5 grams of table salt/day. Individuals with hypertension should see their physician to determine if a sodium-restricted diet is appropriate for them. As NaCl-minimum 5-10gm. The average intake is much above this, 8-10gm and even more, hence sodium d eficiency is rare. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sodium Intake" essay for you Create order

Role Of Human Service Workers And Overcome Issues Caused...

Role of human service workers to overcome issue caused by hate groups The human service workers play a vital role in helping people to overcome, psychological, physical and alienation problems etc. The increasing of human problems in the modern world had become an issue. The human service professionals use different kinds of techniques to resolve the issues of people in the community (Woodside McClam, 2012). Human service workers often witness some of the saddest sides of humanity, as when working with homeless, abused or neglected children, or those who have experienced a recent loss (Burger, 2013). This paper selects a hate group from Georgia State in US. The website ‘www.splcenter.org’ was used to identify a hate group in Georgia.†¦show more content†¦Background of EURO In January of 2000, David Duke announced that he was creating a new organization to help protect the rights and heritage of European Americans. The group, NOFEAR (the National Organization fo r European American Rights), was modelled on civil rights groups like the NAACP and the National Council of La Raza and meant to fight against what Duke argued was widespread discrimination against whites by minorities. Duke told reporters in 2000 that white people in America were facing â€Å"genocide, and wrote in letter to the Shreveport Times that European Americans were internally displaced people deserving of refugee status and government protection. In 2001, a lawsuit was filed against Duke for trademark infringement by No Fear Inc., a sportswear company. To avoid legal action, Duke changed the name of his organization to EURO. EURO s founder had far more serious problems with the law. An investigation of Duke for mail fraud prompted a

Research Outline for Sales Promotion and Loyalty -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theResearch Outline for Sales Promotion and Brand Loyalty. Answer: The field of research Promotions and offers are among the marketing strategies chosen by the management. This is usually aimed at creating a brand awareness of a given product by the marketing professionals and establishing a consumer relationship with a given brand. This research will try to investigate the role that promotions and offers play on marketing field and their impact on sales. Consumers have a chance to test out a product through the promotions, with the aim of increasing the sales volume hence profits. However, does this marketing strategy help in the increment of returns on the capital invested in marketing? Is this strategy applicable to all the business? Sample dataset (secondary data) For readily available data for this research, the use of secondary sources of data will be very important. A major source data for this research will be an online source. The below link is one of the sources where data will be sourced. https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d2p7r4l1574rh_ctype=lmet_y=avg_sales_price Qualitative study RQ = what impact do promotions and offers have on sales of a product? RQ = is it a direct guarantee of increased sales if promotions and offers are employed? RQ = by what margin does sales with and without promotions differ? The terms and phrases propose to be used Sales promotion offers for sales. The literature will be limited to recent years as from 2015 to present to account for the ever-changing trends. Variable: brand awareness, promotions, and offers Scholarly articles https://www.jormonline.com/index.php/jorm/article/view/212 https://www.ijessnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/12.pdf https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09593969.2014.918047 Merged articles and Reference list In his work, Mendez explains that brand loyalty is a factor in marketing different from sales promotion. He argues that these two factors have a different effect on a good being sold in the market. On the other hand Ampofo in their work, have an argument based on a case study that brand loyalty can be built by sales promotion and used the oil marketing industry as a case study to show this. Pacheco and other authors in their work try to show how all these factors can be combined to give the best outcome for a brand and sale promotion. References Mendez, M., Bendixen, M., Abratt, R., Yurova, Y., OLeary, B. (2015). Sales promotion and brand loyalty: Some new insights. International Journal of Education and Social Science, 2(1), 103-117. Ampofo, G. K. M., Yabani, A. A., Senadzo, P. (2017). Does Sales Promotion practices promote Customer Retention in the Oil Marketing Industry? A case of Goil Ghana Limited Dome-Kwabenya. Journal of Research in Marketing, 8(2), 669-674. Pacheco, B. G., Rahman, A. (2015). Effects of sales promotion type and promotion depth on consumer perceptions: the moderating role of retailer reputation. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 25(1), 72-86.

Fast Food Nation

Question: Write a review essay that evaluates Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser? Answer: Introduction The book Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser focuses on the realities of fast food. The author shows that the fast foods are unhealthy for the people. Mainly, in the book the author focused the base on dark side of fast food. The fast food industry is based on meat industry. The purpose of the author is to show the people about what they are exactly eating. The fast food is destroying the health of the people slowly. From the review analysis, it is being analyzed that the book Fast Food Nation concerns about the health related issues which are caused by unhealthy food. The fast food is made of low standard meats, and therefore diseases are to be spread among the people from the meat. Analysis In this book, the author Schlosser reveals the value of fast food. The primary theme of fast food nation that concerns about the health issues which are caused by inadequate food. The reason for popularity of fast food is their changing lifestyle. The people over there are working for very long hours, so they do not get time to prepare their own food. The people are using all types of media such as internet, television to advertise different kinds of fat food. The fast food is made from low standard meats that are taken from low quality animals. Therefore, diseases are spread among the people as the meat is taken from different parts of animals. Thus, the author argues that the fast food franchises of America play a major role in causing obesity. It is the largest social issue among the Americans. Almost 200,000 are facing food borne diseases, every year one quarter of Americans are suffering from food poisoning. Viruses such as E. coli is to be identified which is causing diseases. Both adults and children are addicted to fast food in number of ways, as restaurants are being built at the side of the playgrounds so fast food is advertised both inside and outside the school. Burger is the main item on the schools cafeteria, which is a giant food item for the people and causes diseases. According to the documentary of Morgan Spurlock, most of the Americans visit fast food restaurant every day. Americans are spending their money on fast food, and America is considered to be the fattest nation as 60% are suffering from overweight as well as obese. The people are eating fast food regularly thus; it is clear that fast food causes obesity. McDonalds is a fast food company contributes to obesity as they are serving unhealthy food to the customers. Even McDonaldss refuses to agree that fast food causes obesity. According to National Institutes of Health, a very large amount of salt as well as sugar, artificial additives in fast food causes negative effects on their long-term health. McDonalds is not popular because of their selling food but earns their majority of profits from collecting rent. They are sending more money on their marketing as well as advertising than any other brand. Conclusion Fast food can have serious health as well as social effects, so the people have to be careful to eat fast food and have to be more careful about the health related problems. The book Fast Food Nation analyzes a depth analysis of the effect of fast food on the customers. The fast food franchises cause obesity and this is one of the major social issues in America. The people of America are addicted to fast food, not only adult but also children. Thus, the author argues that the fast food franchises of America play a major role in causing obesity. Reference list Downey, Erin. 'Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser'. PopMatters, 2015. Online. Internet. 29 Jun. 2015. . Available: https://www.popmatters.com/review/fast-food-nation/. Haugen, David M, Susan Musser, and Eric Schlosser. The food industry in Eric Schlosser's Fast food nation. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. Mifflin, Houghton. 'Fast Food Nation'. Nytimes.com, 2015. Online. Internet. 29 Jun. 2015. . Available: https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/schlosser-fast.html. Schlosser, Eric. 'Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal Themes - eNotes.com'. eNotes, 2015. Online. Internet. 29 Jun. 2015. . Available: https://www.enotes.com/topics/fast-food-nation/themes.

History of Online Social Networking in Saudi Arabia

Literature review History of online social networking The history and development of the online social networking is closely interconnected with the development of the internet. The internet, which developed in the early 1990s enabled people to share and access information from a variety of sources. The e-mail enabled communication between people who may be thousands of miles apart.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Online Social Networking in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the development of the current online social networking can be traced back to the development of the Bulletin Board services (BBS). This system enabled the users to download and share information with other users. However, the limitation of this system was that the users needed to be connected to the central system via a cord and a modem was used to access the information. The setback of this system wa s that it could only transmit text messages. Another limitation of this system was the fact that it was slow and transmission of messages used to take a long time (Nickson part 2). During the same period, another communication system known as Compuserve was also in operation. However, this system was different from BSS in that it allowed the users to communicate in real time with other users via a forum (Nickson part 2). Another system known as America online (AON) also used to provide services during this period. However, its services were much more advanced that the other two and resembled to the services, which are now provided by internet. The services provided by the AON led to the development of the modern online social networking (Nickson part 2). Classmates.com can be considered as the earliest online social networking site according to the features, which are found in the modern online social networking sites. It developed soon after the development of the modern day intern et. It enabled the users to be virtually reunited with the people who they schooled with. However, the main limitation of this site was that it allowed connection only between people who schooled together. The system could not enable virtual communication of the other people (Nickson part 3). After the launch of Classmates.com many other social networking sites have been developed. These online social networking sites offer different features, which are convenient to their users. Some of the online social networking sites, which were developed during the beginning of the social networking, have survived up to date whereas others have collapsed due to various reasons.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An important observation is that the emergence of new online social networking site and user-friendly features has led to the decline of the users of the social networking sites or eventu al collapse. The popularity of most of the online social networking sites is restricted to specific areas. The number of users of the social networking sites is usually small in other areas. Currently, the online social networking site, which has the most users, is Facebook. This site has a considerable large number of users in most parts the world. Others, which also have considerably large number of users include, Myspace and Twitter. However, the polarity of the former is usually localized in specific areas. For example Myspace is has largest social networking site in the US but it is relatively unknown in other parts of the world (Nickson part 3). There are also other social networking sites, which are usually formed in specific areas. Due to their feature, they promote usage by people with a specific culture or usage by people in a specific locality. The area in which the online social network usage may relevant may range from an institution to a specific region. The features o ffered by various online social network services are usually varied. However, most of the features are mainly concerned with entertainment of the users of the online social networks. Types of Online social network in Saudi Arabia Online social networking in Saudi Arabia developed due to the increased use of the internet among the citizens. The Saudi Arabian community is mainly Muslim and very conservative. Different online social networks are available in Saudi Arabia. Some of the online social networks are based locally (in Saudi Arabia) whereas there are some, which are mainly for the Arab community of the region. There is also a huge presence of the international social networking sites in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi, being an Islamic society has also developed various online social networks, which mainly conform to their cultural and religious beliefs. To achieve this Saudi also have online social networks, which are restrict the use by only members of a certain gender (either male or female). This is a unique feature of online social networks, which can only be found in Saudi Arabia and other Islamic based countries. The main social networks found in Saudi Arabia and command a large following are discussed below.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Online Social Networking in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook – This social networking site was initially used by the Harvard university students. However, this site was later opened to members of the public and is currently the largest social networking site in the world (Nations Para 4). LinkedIn – this is an online social networking site primarily set up for businesspersons and professionals. This online social networking site is among the largest in the world. This online social network site allows the users to connect with other users of the same professional. The site also provides a sect ion where the users can browse jobs or business opportunities. This online social site is highly preferred by the businesspersons and professionals (nations Para 10). American bedu – This is a blogging site set up in 2006 by Carol Fleming, an American woman married to a Saudi husband. The blog concentrates mainly on Saudi issues (The Story of an American Bedu – Carol Fleming 2010). MSN messenger – this is an international blogging site, which is mainly preferred by Saudis due to its secrecy, and the one cannot view the information on other people. Saudi woman – this is a social network site, which is mainly concerned with the issues of the Saudi and mostly women. A person places his blog and anyone can respond to the blog. Jeeran – this is a blogging site for the Arabs. It touches all the issues of the Arab countries. Arab twitter – this is a version of twitter which is an international online networking which is modified to Arabic interface . The Arabic interface was developed so as to accommodate the perception of the Arabic society. However, the content of the social networking site is similar to the content found in all the other online social network sites in all over the world.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Friendster – this is an international social networking site. It allows the users to interact in various ways. It also allows the users to play a variety of games online and download a variety of music online. This site mainly concentrates on the entertainment aspect of social networking. There are also other online social network sites, which can be found in Saudi Arabia. However, these sites have limited popularity. The most popular social networking site in the Saudi Arabia is Facebook. As at April 2010, the number of people who use Facebook to chat had exceeded two million users. This therefore implies that Saudi Arabia is the second largest country in terms of usage of the social networking site in the Arab world. The respondents also indicated that they belonged to different social networking sites. The average number of OSNs, which the respondents belonged to, was two, with the other common OSNs being Twitter and Friendster. However, even though they belonged to differ ent social networks most of the respondents mainly used Facebook and the use of the other social network sites was restricted only for specific purposes. Some of the people usually visit the other social networking sites mainly to check on the latest news and blogs. Factors that influence people to join the social networks Factors that influence the Saudis to join the online social networks are usually varied. Most of the middle aged and schooling Saudis join into the online social mainly to catch up with their friends. This group will join the social network sites due to peer influence, as social networking is the â€Å"cool† thing of the moment among the age group. Some of the people also join the social networking sites so as to be able to communicate with their relatives who may be far away. The youth who are working use the online social networks for business or work related purposes. The women mainly join the social networking sites so as to remove boredom during the da y and chat with their friends. The culture of Saudi Arabia is very strict concerning the relationships between men and women. The young men and women are not allowed to freely mix with the women anywhere, where in the streets or even in some learning institutions. The urge of the young men and women to meet and make friendships with people of the opposite sex is the main reason why most people are involved in the social networking sites. Here the young men and women can freely chat and make friendships without the strict supervision of the members of the society and the promotion of virtue and prevention of vice police. Some of the young people in Saudi Arabia also join the social networks to help remove their boredom (Sterns Para 2). Usage trends of OSNs among the Saudis Most Saudis who are involved in the social network are mainly use the internet to read news and use the social networking sites to comment on the news (Social Media Habits in Saudi Arabia 2010). Among the people wh o mostly comment on the online social networks are women. The women even have their own online social networks, which are restricted to men. The young people are also highly involved in the online social networks. They usually use the online social networks to create friendships and improve on the existing ones. The main reason that makes some of the people not to comment on the social network sites is due to the government monitoring of the activities of the social networking sites. Saudi perception of the benefits of online social networks The Saudis perceptions of the importance of the social networking sites are that it helps remove their boredom. This is the perception of most women who get into the social networking sites. There are some organizations, which believe that they can use the online social networks to undertake their businesses, as it would in the long run be beneficial to them. Some organizations have even created profiles of their businesses in the social network ing sites. These organizations use the social networking sites to communicate with their clients and employees (Shahid Para 4). The Saudis also use the social network sites to socialize with the people of the opposite sex. Through the social networking sites, the Saudis intend on getting good husbands and wives (Sterns Para 19). This would otherwise have been impossible due to the strict nature of the Saudi society concerning the intermingling of the people of the opposite sex. Lack of means of socialization makes most of the marriages in Saudi Arabia to be arranged by the relatives. Factors considered when joining specific online social networks The culture of Saudi Arabia prohibits women from freely intermingling with the men. This has led to the development of various online social networks that are made for women, discussing mainly women issues. The women are generally very actively involved in the discussions of the various issues posted on the online social sites. The young wo rking Saudi men also join the online social networks to create connections with other professional who are in their field of operation. The online networking site, which the young men mainly join, is LinkIn. Through this site, the men help in advancing their careers and create connections, which are very vital for their professional and career advancement. Saudis also consider the privacy of the information posted on the various online social network sites when joining the sites. The lack of privacy of the information, which is posted on Facebook, makes some of the Saudi to use the MSN messenger to chat with other people due to the privacy of the social networking site (Social Media Habits in Saudi Arabia 2010). The main reason for some of the Saudi to consider the privacy of the information is due to the strict government regulation of the content of the social networking sites. The society also regulates what the people view so that it may be offensive to the Islamic culture of th e country. Most of the people mentioned above join the specific networks to obtain certain information. However, they retain their membership in the various other online social networks that they actively participate. In the case of Saudi Arabia the main online social network, that different members belong to is Facebook. Attitudes toward OSNs Most of the younger generations have no objection to the use of the social networking sites. They actively participate in the online social networks and keep in touch with their friends using the online social networks. However, some of the people of the older generation strongly object to the use of the social network sites. This is because Saudi Arabia is a strict society where the actions of people are closely monitored. However, the people of the older generation cannot be able to monitor the action of people on the social networking sites. The parents cannot be able to monitor who their children are chatting or communicating with on the s ocial networking sites. This makes some of the parents to strictly prohibit the use of some of the social networking sites and sometimes even use violence on the kids to prohibit them. A good example of the violence is the case where a parent killed his daughter due to chatting on Facebook. Some members of the society are of the view that the social networking sites are immoral according to Islam. This is because most of the online social network sites allow the free integration of the men and women in the sites. This is immoral since Islam prohibits the free integration of the men and women in social activities. This has made some people develop online social networks, which are specifically designed for use by only a certain gender. Most of these online social networks, which are gender based, are mainly designed for use by the women. The government also considers some of the online social networks to be against the social norm of the society. Therefore, the government closely mon itors the activities of the social networking sites and may even ban the sites, which it thinks are going contrary to the culture and religion of the country. The government even banned the social network site Facebook claiming that it conveyed information that was against the culture of the Saudi Arabia society. Some employers do not encourage the use of the social networking sites as they reduce the productivity of the employees as the employees spend most of their time on the OSNs thereby robbing off the organization the time that the employees would have used to work (Olzak Para 5). Demographic factors of the usage of the OSNs For this part, we will use the details of the use of Facebook, the largest social networking site in Saudi Arabia. The information on the use of the other social networking sites is somehow biased as the sites are mainly used by people of a specific age and the people subscribe to the membership of these online social network sites in order to obtain diffe rent information. However, even these people are members of the other online social network sites most of them have in addition to the sites subscribed to membership of Facebook, the largest online social network site in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, for the study of the demographic factors of the usage of online social networks we will use the data on Facebook as it is used by all the people of Saudi Arabia with the other social networking sites forming a small fraction of the usage of the online social networks. Chart 1.1 use of Facebook according to age Usage of Facebook according to age Source: jazarah.net. Among the users, roughly 53 percent of the users are aged 19-29 years old. Most of the people in this age bracket are either in college or they have just started working. The people in this age bracket also use Facebook to make friendship with the people of the opposite sex, as Facebook does not restrict its usage to members of only a certain gender. Twenty-five percent of the use rs of Facebook are between the age group of 30-45 years. This group comprises of mainly married people and most of them are parents. In this group, most of the people engage in Facebook to do activities that are mainly related to their kind of jobs. Most of the women who are in this group and are engaged in Facebook are mostly there to chat with other women to reduce the boredom. Seventeen percent of the users of Facebook are aged 18 years and below. These users are engaged in the social networking site mainly to make friends and for entertainment. Most of the people in this group engage in online social networking sites, as it is fashionable and due to peer influence. This group is usually very active in producing content in the social networking sites. However, an important factor to note is that most of the members of Facebook who fall under this age group do not use their real name so to protect themselves from parents who may be predatory. Only 4 percent of the users of Faceboo k are in the age group of between 46 and 64. Very few people are involved in the social network site as the older generation generally regards the social networking site lowly. The people of this age group who engage in the online social network do this either due to the nature of their work. However the people who are aged 65 and above do use the online social networks as they generally do not use technology. These people are very conservative and usually take a long tome to embrace advancement in information technology. Chart 1.2: Usage of Facebook according to gender Source: jazarah.net Basically, 66 percent of the users of Facebook are male, 32 percent are female, and the rest are not defined. There are more male users compared to female, as the females are generally restricted to use the online social networking sites. The females also have various online social networks, which are specifically designed for use by the women. The Saudi women are also not very outspoken and hence would not join the online social networks. Relationship status of users of Facebook Most of the users of Facebook do not define their relationship status (69 %). 19 % of the users show state that they are single. 8 % state they are married. Chart 1.3: The relationship status of the users of Facebook according to their profile information Source: jazarah.net Most of the users do not state their relation status so as to maintain their privacy. This is because the information posted causing their relationship status may be used against them by their seniors or the government. An example is when a girl states that she is in a relationship, the parent sees the information, and he has not consented to any relationship by the girl. Some of the people also do not define their relationship status so as to make friends and associate with other users freely e.g. a man would not like to be involved in chatting with a woman who is engaged or married since it is against the norms of the society. The reverse is also true for girls engaging with men in the online social networks. Risks associated with the use of the online social networks The use of the online social networks has many risks. However most of the people continue to use the online social networks some oblivious of the risks whereas others do not know the risks involved in the use of the online social networks. The government regulates and monitors the content that is found in the social networking sites. The government may prosecute and jail some users if they are found to have comments, which are against the culture and religion of the people of the country. The parents also monitor the content of their children in the social networking sites. They mainly try to protect them from socializing freely with the people of the opposite sex as it is against Islam. If the parents find the children chatting with people of the opposite sex they may result to severe punishment as was the case when a Saudi girl was killed by her father due to chatting with a boy. This has made most of the girls to drop their last names in the profiles of their online social networking sites. Most of the girls do not also put their real pictures on their profiles. This prevents other people from determining the identity of the girls. The information shared on the social networking sites is also not secure and may be used by different people against the users of the social networks. The use of online social networks also poses great risks to organizations that use the social networks to conduct its businesses. The social networks are prone to attack by various viruses that may access the information of the companies using the online social network. This is because most of the online social networks do not integrated security systems to protect the users and the information, which is found in the users’ computers. .The employees of different companies can also use the information posted by their employees concer ning different issues against the employees (Harpe p 5). This is because the information posted on the social networking sites is not private. The employees may use the information that may be sensitive as a basis for even sacking of the employees. The employees also use the information on the profile or the postings of the people when they are hiring new employees. Therefore, the postings of certain people may deny them the opportunity to get employment. The postings of other people who are associated with another person may also make the former get into trouble if the person posts information, which some people regard as not conforming to the culture of the society. Conclusion Online social networking is a very common phenomenon throughout the world. The activity usually has many advantages and disadvantages. The society of Saudi Arabia should embrace the activity as it has the potential to help in various areas of the society. During the research, a common phenomenon that I came across is the close monitoring of the activities of the social networking sites. This monitoring prohibits development, responsibility, and the general well being of the society and it should therefore be minimized. Works Cited Harpe, Lisa D. Social networks and employment. 2009. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:dQV7DZS6PScJ:www.iowaabi.org/documents/filelibrary/events/social_media/Social_Networks_Employment_Law_eBoo_C3A386C1048E1.pdf+employers+using+social+netwoks+to+deny+employmenthl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEESiiyczmq4qSM6V_TQX8OxVBaFiP7wR-qph6rI6b3VmhGXSVyTt4JG16vKPid86X5kolbzlrG7l723B1yrJR2Z8jIUsQN9Gaa7tc0n3xFKcGMY-lQE99FoBQ-uPB_DltS4eGCH9Asig=AHIEtbS4s02y6cgdGSznjy73CuBXAqTBGw. Nations, Daniel. The Top Social Networking  Sites. 2010. http://webtrends.about.com/od/socialnetworking/a/social_network.htm Nickson, Christopher, The History of Social Networking, digital trends. 2009. http://www.digitaltrends.com/features/the-history-of-social-networking/. Olzak, Tom. Social n etworking risk: Managing the inevitable IT security. 2009. http://blogs.techrepublic.com.com/security/?p=730. Shahid, Amber. â€Å"Facebook will operate as usual.† Arab news.com. 2010 http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article190596.ece â€Å"Social Media Habits in Saudi.† Arabiadigital media across Asia. 2010. http://comm215.wetpaint.com/page/Social+Media+Habits+in+Saudi+Arabia. Sterns, Olivia. Young Saudis bypass social lockdown with Facebook. 2010. http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/03/30/saudi.social.networking.sex/index.html?iref=allsearch. â€Å"The Story of an American Bedu – Carol Fleming.† Saudi-US Relations Information Service. 2010. http://www.susris.com/2010/08/10/the-story-of-an-american-bedu-carol-fleming/ This research paper on History of Online Social Networking in Saudi Arabia was written and submitted by user Jose Porter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How does Sulphur Dioxide effect the Germination of Cress Seeds Essay Example

How does Sulphur Dioxide effect the Germination of Cress Seeds Essay Example How does Sulphur Dioxide effect the Germination of Cress Seeds Essay How does Sulphur Dioxide effect the Germination of Cress Seeds Essay Aim: The aim of this coursework is to find out how varied amount of sulphur dioxide effect the germination of cress seeds.Safety: This experiment could be very dangerous because there are some chemicals, which are harmful for human body will be involved in this experiment. Such as sodium metabisulphite, it would damage your lungs and eyes when it mixed with gases. So, I will do the following things to prevent any accidents during the experiment.1, I will be following the instruction when I am doing the experiment, and listened what teacher said as the experiment is processing.2, I will wear eyes goggles to prevent the harmful gases contact with my eyes.3, I will wear plastic gloves on all the times to prevent the chemical liquid contact with my skin.And if there is any chemicals contact with my skin or eyes, clean it with water immediately, and report to the teacher for helping as soon as possible.Fair Test: I will make sure to make my experiment as fair as possible; therefore I woul d get the reliable results. To make this experiment fair, I will do the following things.1, I will same experimental equipments as the other group does.2, I will measure (weight) the chemicals and water carefully to prevent any inaccurate results.3, I will count the time carefully and do exactly what teacher told me to count to prevent any anomalous results.Prediction: I predict that the proportion between water and the germination of seeds will be directly, and the proportion between sodium metabisulphite will be inversely. I predict that the amount of sodium metabisulphite will be inversely proportional to the number of seeds germinated because of couple of reasons. Firstly, sulphur dioxides are harmful chemicals, and sodium metabisulphite is one of them. Secondly, it is one of the main reasons to cause the acid rain, the acid rain contains water and some sodium dioxides, when it rained on the ground, and the sodium dioxides reacted and damage all the seeds. Those were the reasons for my prediction.Method: For the first experiment, I need the following apparatus some pots, a sealed bag, an indicator, cress seeds, some cotton wools and sodium metabisulphite. Then, I will put some sodium metabisulphite into my first pot and let it cover the bottom, and I will put about 10 drops of water in and seals the bag. Secondly, I will put 6 drops of indicator into it and seals the bag, and wait for about 5 minutes. Thirdly, I will put some moist cotton wools and place 20 seeds all over the pot randomly, then put the pot in a moisture place and leave it for few days.After few days, the indicators colour changed to red from blue, which means the sodium metabisulphite reacted with air and affected the indicator. And all the cress seeds have all germinated.For the next part of my experiment, I am doing to investigate how does sodium metabisulphite and water (Solution A) affect cress seeds.This time, I need some pots, 2 bags, cotton wools, 40 cress seeds and some solution A . Then, I will put the sodium metabisulphite and water into the first pot as same as the last one. And I put some moist cotton wools into the other two pots, and put 20 seeds into each pot. Then I put the first pot (Solution A) and the second pot (Cress Seeds) in a bag and seal it. And put the last pot into another bag. Leave it for few days.After few days, I have got the results. The table that was shown below are the results of whole class (9 Groups), the forth was my groups result.Seeds + Air + WaterSeeds + Air + Solution A190200160190130200170200190Average: 16Average: 0The bar chart above was shown the table directly.This time, I am going to investigate how does different concentration of solution A affect the germination o cress seeds. I have chosen 6 different concentration of solution A to do this experiment, which are 30:0, 28:2, 26:4, 24:6, 22:8, 20:10 with 30cm3 water.For this par, I need pots, 6 sealed bags, cotton wools, cress seeds and some solution A. Firstly, I will f ill the first pot with water and second pot with sodium metabisulphite. Secondly, I put cotton wools in to next 6 pos and let them cover the bottom, and I put 20 seeds into each pot. Thirdly, I measure 30cm3 water and pour it into the first pot, and I will place it into the bag. Then, I just repeat the last step to the other pots with different concentration of solution A. and leave it foe another few days.After few days, I have got the results. The table below shows the results.Water (cm3 )Sodium Metabisulphite (cm3 )No. of seeds GerminatedPercentage of Water (%)30020100282209326412862465802280732010066Obtaining and Analysing:The graph below shows that the number of seeds germinated against the amount of water involved.

Dollar versus Yen -The Road Ahead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dollar versus Yen -The Road Ahead - Essay Example Interest-rate futures demonstrate that the traders are certain the Fed will increase its benchmark to 4.75 percent on March 28, and predict about a 65 percent chance of another increase to 5 percent at the May meeting. However the outlook was not the same say in October 2005 when Fed was expected to go in for graduated dosages of increase in interest rate in keeping with the trend began since June 2004. The dollar had then risen 2.3 percent against the yen since the end of June 2005. The dollar ran its third straight quarterly gain, reported in October 2005, against the yen, the longest winning streak since 2001, as the Federal Reserve stuck to its policy of ''measured" increases in interest rates. The markets had then expected the dollar to rally to about 115 yens. The yield advantage of 10-year US Treasury notes with Japan had averaged 2.87 percentage points in 2005 year and reached as much as 3.27 percentage points on March 28 2005. As a result of these Japanese investors were buy ing the dollar to purchase overseas assets, such as Treasuries strengthening interest in dollar.