Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 19

Report - Essay Example? Citizen guard dog Coordinator InterNews EipaleiINTERNEWS.ORGThe embraces contents include table of content, executive summary, report text, introduction, project statement, and methods used findings, analysis, coda and agenda (reference, appendices) remember to look at the recommendations so that you take the necessary steps as we concur during our last focus group discussion.Inter-newsliberated and Fair Media program focuses on election related issues not only in Kenya but the entire continent of Africa by analyzing its media coverage of emerging and sensitive issues (Stifftung , 2012). The program is aimed at monitoring various radio stations in the country to ascertain their coverage of the campaign period that is Pre-election period, Election Campaign period, Polling Day and the Results announcing day.This monitoring project involves monitoring treacherous speech in the media and the role of the media in promoting peace and conflict mitigation. There are different media topics being covered including, including gender, dangerous speech, issue based coverage, fairness and balance.The report looks into the challenges that the radio station faced and recommendations that when implemented could improve the situation. The report also documents the findings by the media monitors in the period 1st January 9th March 2013. All cases of hate speech that were report were independently verified.The geographical scope of the content covered was primarily national. This survey indicates that in most of the programs monitored, it is phallic

Health Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Health Psychology - Essay ExampleThis is beca affair information on healthcargon issue is available to anyone from any location.According to Moffat & Eley (2010) increased access to healthcare services in areas that previously had limited access is one of the advantages of using telemedicine in Australia. In essence, rural Australians have been able to shape up more access to clinical services, a factor that may eventually lead to a decrement in the discrepancies between urban and rural healthcare quality in Australia.The cost-effectiveness of telemedicine in Australia cannot be underestimated. Georgeff (2007) writes that the use of telemedicine could save the government approximately 1.5 billion U.S dollars that are used per annum to treat people with chronic illnesses. Moffat & Eley (2010) furnish that apart from reduced costs on the part of the government, patients have also had to pay less for clinical services. In addition, the burden of having to physically go to a health center in order to trip up clinical services has been reduced. This is especially so, for the aged and for people suffering from chronic illnesses. On the other hand, at that place are several barriers that limit the uptake of telemedicine in Australia.Funding, as Robertson et.al states (2011), is a major hindrance as most practitioners use outdated resources to conduct consultations due lack of funds to buy and update resources. Consequently, some(prenominal) practitioners prefer to use paper formats that are provided freely by pharmaceutical companies. Additionally, practitioners claim that there are no financial incentives in telemedicine, as most consultations conducted using this method are not reimbursed and particular(a) time is not compensated (Moffat & Eley, 2011).Time- It requires a lot of time for a telemedicine consultation, thus increasing the workload of doctors. According to Robertson et.al (2011) doctors would prefer that clinical information be integrated into t heir normal clinical software, since logging in and off while

Site Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Site Survey - Essay ExampleHowever, a extensive task lies ahead in identifying and locating suitable creates where these training centers will be set up. A lot has to be considered in identifying this structure because they have to be already in existence and not newly constructed for this purpose (Parkinson, 2001). Therefore, one has to take into consideration the expressions fixing, volume blank space from major traffic routes and also the effect on the community regarding the structure development in usage (Fowler, 2002). terzetto potential sites were chosen for an adult education and community centre in this subject. The first site is The Hillingdon House. This building sits at the heart of the St. Andrews Park, London. It is a grade II listed three story building create in the 1717 and was used as a hunting lodge, a residence, a training centre for members of the RAF in the 1918 during the war among new(prenominal)s, and now the building is currently va brush offt cont aining office accommodations used by previous owners (ASLIB, 2002). The act site is The Stratford High Street Property. This potential space is available at 252 Stratford High Street, Stratford London. It is spacious and can accommodate a good number of people. It is at the heart of M25, at the junction with Rick Roberts way (Dobson, 2002). ... Plus features and drawbacks for the potential sites Plus points for The Hillingdon House are centered mainly on its location and atmosphere. The atmosphere surrounding the building is serene which makes it a suitable place for a training center. The building is located among some residential area so people can walk there without the requisite of transportation. The building has a position space, and there are other parking spaces within walking distance to the building which makes it even more perfect. The building is also located within walking distance from many an(prenominal) transport links. The only disadvantage of the structure is t hat it is not located in a significant trade centre where it would have been accessible to people living in other towns as well other than Holborn town. The advantage of The Stratford High Street is it is within walking distance for residents in the city. Transportation is excellent with several(prenominal) bus routes and Stratford High street (DLR line) station being located approximately 300 meters form the premises. This makes it very easy to access it. The buildings position could also be a disadvantage because it is salutary in the middle of traffic which means that there could be a lot of noise and other distractions which are not suitable for a training center. The plus point of the Dreams Curtains Designs is it has the ability to hold a large number of individuals. This structure can be accessed on foot. There is a large parking space that can accommodate over 90 vehicles. The significant disadvantage of the site is the presence of other adult learning center. Chosen pot ential site I will base my research on the third building, the Dreams Curtains Designs.

History the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

History the world - Essay Exampledecision for the sale of these Chinese unsafe items, the chinaware government was reported to threaten and imposed retaliatory actions which resulted into consternation among the leaders of the area. These issues of controversy throw off remained as flashpoints betwixt the Southeast Asia and chinaware.mainland China made some relative gains to the United States in areas of political and heathenish power. In a 2007 poll, only 27% of Malaysians and 27% of Indonesians had favorable view to the United States in depraved to the 65% of Indonesians and 83% of Malaysians who favored the views of China. Although the nearby people responded well in looking at China as the future leader of Asia, China has fared much worse than what the people expected in its compressible power. China had its legal system, political system, normative appeal, and respect for human life score very wiped out(p) grades in the eyes of the Beijing nearby neighbors. Although the Ameri sight culture form the movies in Hollywood to MTV have remained much more accessible and popular, the trend of China is undeniably catching up quickly, at least(prenominal) according to the nearby people. The nearby people responded to the giant China through the cultural exchange that existed between the northern nomads and Chinese, which saw them experience the adoption of Chinese language, inter-marriages, and religion adoption. However, the pastoral communities in the nearby did not adopt the ways of Chinese people. Chinese as a giant of the area directly depended on the northern nomads by taking their horses for its military. Chinese people also took their products such as furs, forest skins, and amber. creation self contained or isolated civilization means that China was cut off from the outside world. However, China was not like this, the country remained in contact and in open trade with the outside world. This can evidently be seen in the Coming of Buddhism across t he Silk Road. We can also prove that China was not isolated from the fact that it was conquered by the

World Religions Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

World Religions Report - raise ExampleMarriage of non-Filipinos to those belonging in Iglesia families is just one of the examples of how those comprising the minority of the Iglesia population study been elusive in the religion (Catholic Answers, 2004). Despite the widespread estimate of the number of the constituents (which is between three million and hug drug million including those outside the Philippines), the Iglesia conceals their real population. It has a larger population than the more known Jehovahs Witnesses, which also assert their being the genuine Church of Christ (Catholic Answers, 2004).Indeed, unlike most of the other cults which have Western origins, Iglesia ni Kristo (INC) or the Church of Christ has its roots from the Philippines with Encyclopedia Britannica (2007) describing it as indigenous. Historically, it was a low-pitched church put uped by Felix Manalo in July 27, 1914 (Elesterio, 1988). Thus, he was considered by his followers as the messenger of Go d.After the closely expansion 1945, the number of members reached the 600,000 mark by the end of the 20th century (Iglesia ni Kristo, 2007). This has also direct to the building of chapels throughout the country and to their being a well-heeled federal religious organization.However, the foundation of INC was not an easy task it was a great struggle for Manalo. Yet, Harper (2001) noted that one thing is real preliminary association with the leger pushed him to impugn what has been taught to him regarding religion and God in the Roman Catholic Church. fit to her research, Manalo had joined other religious groups before he finally established INC. At the age of 18, it was found out that he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church where he trained about the Bible and become a lay preacher. At 22, he also studied with the Presbyterians and joined Mision Cristiana, the Christian commission of the

Stronger legislatures bring stronger and more stable democracy Essay

Stronger legislatures bring stronger and more stable land - Essay ExampleIt is extremely difficult to turn over all three dimensions, and this explains its evasiveness. This essay will first introduce the concept of a stable democracy and whence explain the employment of a strong legislature in its existence. The essay will then use the UK and US legislatures as examples of the effect of strong legislatures on stable democracies and explain how these countries legislatures have contributed to their unsounded democracies. Finally, the essay will reaffirm the stance adopted by stating that stronger legislatures are vital for stable democracies.To say the impact of legislatures on democracy, it is first necessary to understand that legislatures are, in most countries, branches of the executive (Saathoff, 201248). Their common role of making laws means that they are one of the ruling arms of any governments in which they exist. In addition, in most countries, legislatures are taske d with checking the powers and actions of heads of state. These two roles (law making and power checking) are key to gaining a critical spatial relation of the impacts of legislatures on democracy and stable democracies, in particular (Lelan, 201229). Let us consider two countries that a good deal come to mind whenever the subject of stable democracies comes up the unite Kingdom and the United States. In the United States, the modern worlds beacon of democracy, Congress is the legislating body. Looking at the history of America, it is aristocratical to see that Congress has been at the heart of most laws that have defined the countrys popular leadership and its institutional strengths.As a matter of fact, the US Congress is the perfect example of a well-oiled, purpose-driven, and powerful legislature (Roper, 201337). The powers of the Congress, and the manner in which it exercises them have made it both a representative of the American public in the government and a formidable c ritic of the same government (Barkan, 2008131). Congress checks

You can choose a topic related to the theme listed below Essay

You can choose a issuing related to the theme listed below - Essay ExampleAccording to Department for International Development report, migration to the urban centers is important in alleviating poverty (p. 13).This development has been good for the country as it has seen the turning of the region into a known economic power that is able to sustain itself and see the erection of various mega structures that are non found in any other part of the world. The development has come with various side cause some of which include population surge which is expected to rise more by 2020. The cities in the region are flocked with visitors from other parts of the world being many. With the population continuing to increase, questions of sustainable development arises as it is evident that after such, the population may be too oftentimes to handle, the traffic, and the industries. This essay will and so explore city life in the gulf and evaluate the developments witnessed from sustainabili ty point of view.Most gulf countries consume witnessed the recent form of development with their urban centers growing and the population increasing double fold. However, as much as this is good for a developing nation or urban center in production of labor and market, it is also dangerous as at times the population may be a threat to sustainability. The quality of life in most of the gulf cities is at a critical hold back with more people flowing in to have a share of the good economic engage that is being witnessed at the period. Urbanization as indicated above is a result of good economic capital punishment and an increase in the population. This leads to the formation of an urban center with the same social amenities that were available being used or being the center of more people who keep on streaming in. preparedness is an important part of any society which may include a city or raze a country. With the population increasing at such a rate, social life in the cities h as live on quite unbearable with more money needing to be put into

Economic Issues of KFC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic Issues of KFC - Essay ExampleAs the root word declares most of the people already face budget constraints due to either decreasing salaries or change magnitude inflation. The point here is that towards the end of the day, in a recession, people find themselves with less disposable in comply, they light upon rational decisions and become thoughtful about ways for spending it. Customers become more and more price conscious and look for low priced products, low priced substitutes or discounts and others. This explains why despite of this brutal recession, low woo retailers like Wal-Mart, Target Corporation, Aldi and Asda have been able to actually pose strong sales growth oer the past four years. As mentioned earlier, during recessions, people look for low live providers since they want more abide by for their money. Rather than spending on premium versions of the product, people shift to lower prices thus boosting the businesses of low cost providers.This essay stresses that quite understandably, during recessions, people can cut down their purchases of luxury products or purchases, which can be delayed under normal circumstances such as alcohol, clothing, place equipment, automobiles, and others. However, food, grocery, medicine, and drinks do not come in this category. Despite the fact that KFC is serving food but when faced with financial constraints, consumers avoid dine-in at restaurants or cafes and prefer to cook food at home, which can save them money. (Hemerijck, Knapen & Doorne, pp. 230-234, 2010). They throw parities at home rather than celebrating at fast food handcuffs. This attitude of the consumers means that the business of food retailers is more believably to grow and statistics indicate that food and grocery retail business has showed steady growth, but at the equivalent time, revenues of fast food chains like KFC and other restaurants decreases significantly. This pattern has pushed many small restaurant chains at the brink of insolvency (Wit & Meyer, pp. 390-394, 2010). A careful analysis may reveal that during a recession, some of the competitors do not only leave the marketplace due to bankruptcy or insolvency but these economic recessions in addition present a unique opportunity to upper middle class entrepreneurs who are willing to quest the risk. The Bank of England has set the interest rate at 0.5 percent which the record low level in the history of UK

The Housing Financial Crisis Speech or Presentation

The Housing Financial Crisis - Speech or Presentation ExampleThe housing crisis or the sub prime crisis is getting worse rather than cooling off, this means that the US prudence is nevertheless(prenominal) going to get adversely bear upon and this in turn is going to affect all the major(ip) economies of the world. The labor market is also getting affected and this means that there will be less job opportunities in the future for the people seeking jobs. The sale of new homes has fallen by well-nigh 50% in the US and people have stopped purchasing new homes in the US because of the housing crisis in the country. Body I. What triggered the crisis? A. The crisis began in the middle of 2007 and into 2008 1. Affected all the major economies 2. The US economy was perhaps the some badly hit B. Almost the whole world started living on a shoestring, deep pockets were reduced to mere pockets and lucre had certainly fallen short. 1. Countless people got their pink swipe while some other g ot their walking papers. 2. AIG, Lehmann Brothers, Northern Rock, Goldman Sachs are some elite names that suffered the most because of the economic crisis also known as recession. 3. Lehmann brothers filed for bankruptcy while AIG and a few other elites barely hanged in there with the skin of their teeth. II. This economic crisis is still having repercussions on countries like Greece and Spain there are a few other countries that have been not so severely affected by the same. A. The crisis triggered off because of unchecked debt, banks kept issuing loans to people who invested severely in buying assets. 1. Several things were taken for granted save when proved otherwise there was hardly a place in the world to hide. 2. The subprime crisis triggered off because of inordinate borrowing, there was no money to pay back and this is why so many monetary institutes went unconditional broke. B. The Great economic depression triggered off in the year 1930 in the US, it was triggered off by the fragmentise of the US stock market which is now known as Nasdaq. 1. The economy of the US recovered from this about-face only to suffer from a similar setback of a lesser magnitude which is called recession. 2. Overvaluation in real estate is perhaps the biggest cause of the current economic crisis, it is better known as the subprime crisis in the US. 3. Factors like bad income tax practices have added insult to injury, bad mortgage lending also contributed heavily to this current economic crisis. III. Prevention is better than cure. A. The situation could have been prevented 1. The FED should have taken function 2. Lending should have been checked B. The Bailout package worked to a certain extent 1. The current situation carcass precarious. 2. Good things to come in the future for the US economy. Conclusion The stock market slaughter has lessened almost all the major economies of the world and this is because of the housing crisis in the US. High oil prices have aff ected all the people across the globe and especially the importers, inflation has been constantly on the rise because of the towering oil prices and the same has affected the global economy. The confidence of the investors has taken a real beating because of the financial crisis people have stopped investing the way they used to before the financial crisis.

Resume chapter 16 (EXPORT-ORIENTED GROWTH IN EAST ASIA) Essay

Resume chapter 16 (EXPORT-ORIENTED suppuration IN EAST ASIA) - Essay ExampleThe global recession of 2008 besides affected their economies, but their experiences in international mess ar all worth studying because they derived much success in it. With these HPAE are subgroups such as the Four Tigers, namely Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. Another group is the Newly Industrializing Economies (NIE) of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. China has a category all its own due to its size and communism influence. The NIE followed suit after the Four Tigers economies took off. Experts pose analyzed how the HPAE have sustained their economic success and found that these countries were careful in maintaining stable macroeconomics. They also prioritized sharing the benefits of their economic growth with their citizens by providing them access to health care, education and housing, so people were do to feel they were healthy taken care of. Such actions were successful in solic iting peoples nutriment and confidence. In turn, the advanced rates of literacy produced in their people were attractive to foreign investors and multicultural firms. Another resolve for their success is the promotion of their merchandiseed products while being open to imports. These countries believed that exportation provided the foreign exchange earnings they essential as well as encouraged businesses to be competitive in coming up with high quality products to export while importation brought about new technologies and novel products to update their knowledge in skills. Income rates in these Asian countries are much higher than their Latin American counterparts. As fence to them, East Asian economy did not have high inequality in income and wealth at the beginning of their growth. The pattern followed what was known as Kuznets curve, which suggested equality first declines and then rises. The relation back equality in these nations resulted from the characteristic sharing of wealth from economic success. Hence, the provision of basic needs as well as land reform, free public education, free basic health care and earthshaking investments in rural infrastructure such as clean water systems, transportation and communication systems. The autocratic outcomes of such provision extends to the rise in business opportunities since the people have purchasing power to meet small- and medium-scale entrepreneurs which are locally based. This contributes to political stability and sustains the interest of businesses in to invest in these countries on a long-term basis. The export push in the East Asian nations resulted in more than double their dish out in total world exports and total world manufactured exports. Such success was attributed to education policies favouring the protagonism of literacy spread in primary and secondary schooling. On top of that, HPAE nations endorsed export promotion plicies that created an impetus for export businesses. For examp le, export financing credit and tax benefits were readily available in Japan and the Four Tigers for businesses that contact their export targets. Tariff-free access to imports of capital equipment needed in manufacturing is also provided. Such practices of export promotion affiliated with high rates of growth may be considered controversial in economics as well as sharing such export promotion strategies with other nations as it is likely to create trade conflicts since it may go against the rules of fair trade agreed to by the members of the World Trade Organization. The stability maintain in macroeconomic environments in the

Fermentation Kinetics of Different Sugars Essay

Fermentation Kinetics of Different Sugars - Essay ExampleThe findings achieved through the experiment showed an increased count of fermentation in tubes with glucose and sucrose as the substrate while lactose showed a massively fall rate of fermentation. The addition of sodium fluoride also caused a decreased rate of fermentation. Analysis of the complete selective information suggested that the carbohydrates used by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for fermentation play a great role in the net rate of fermentation. Keywords Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fermentation, carbohydrates, magnesium Fermentation Cells and tissues irrespective of belonging to animal or plant comport a minimum requirement of energy. Different processes such as synthesis of elements, transportation, DNA replication and cubicle repairs have varying requirements of energy. To successfully complete these processes cells undertake many metabolic processes to achieve their supply of energy. Glucose creation the most imp ortant carbohydrate and the end product of almost all food sources is the beginning stain of these metabolic processes. Energy conversion starts from the process of glycolysis. As explained by Agrimi et al., (2011) glycolysis begins with the entry of a single glucose molecule and terminates with the production of two pyruvate molecules. The process immediately yields four adenosine triphosphate molecules. However, with the consumption of two ATP molecules at two different steps in the cycle, the net production via substrate level phosphorylation turns out to be two. Although the process itself is not affected by the presence or absence of oxygen, the final production of the ATPs is tremendously affected under hypoxic conditions as only 2 ATP molecules per glucose are produced instead of 36 ATP molecules per every glucose molecule. Depending on the availability of oxygen the pyruvates produced at the end of glycolysis are either shuttled into either cellular respiration / Krebs cyc le or they are used in the process of fermentation. Fermentation has been derived from a Latin word fever meaning to ferment.

Type of Markets and Their Characteristics Term Paper

Type of Markets and Their Characteristics - consideration Paper ExampleIn the market there ar those goods that are referred to as public goods, these goods are provided by the government due to various reasons, the reasons why the government provide these goods are because the provision of these goods is excessively expensive for firms to provide. Also due to the fact that the provision of these goods by firms may not yield stinting profits and the government will source revenue from taxes in order to provide public goods. open goods include products such as roads, railway roads and education. The government will provide these gods given that they get hold of huge investment and the returns are relatively low. However problems arise whereby the market may exhibit the slack rider effect, this refers to the situation whereby some individuals in the economy do not pay taxes yet they lie with public goods, therefore it is evident that the market cannot function without public good s and therefore the role of the government in the market is to provide public goods.

ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE - strive Exampleby the UK, US and its coalition members was seen by the Arab media and religious leaders as an initiative to manage the Iraq to safeguard the Israel, to control its oil fields and to foster animosity between shiis and Sunnis. Muslim leaders snub the claim of USA that contend in Iraq was to put an end to use of WMD by Saddam, to laborious Iraqs connections with the Al-Qaeda, to declare Iraq as a democracy, to castigate Iraq for failure to comply with UNOs Security Council resolutions and to make out an unruly dictator1 .Information collection inside Iraq is seen as a most challenging hire out as Saddam is the most enigmatic and tyrannical leader in the world2. As per Dr Gary Samore, the record of multitude information by Western intelligence agencies on Iraqs various weapons programmes is very meagre3.The decision to go to war in Iraq was based on human rights abuses and its weapons programmes. UK war on Iraq was based upon current and ser ious scourge from Iraqs weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The prime objective remains to rid Iraq of its weapons of mass destruction and their associated Programmes and actor of delivery, including verboten ballistic missiles, as set out in the relevant United Nations Security Resolutions (UNSCRs). On 24 September 2002, a dossier was published by the UK Government containing its evaluation of Iraqs programmes to build up WMD (the September Dossier). The Governments dossier of September 2002 sets out in detail Iraqs archives of production, use and concealment of chemical and biological weapons, and its pursuit of a nuclear weapons programme. UNSCOMs final score of 1999 the then Executive Chairman concluded that Iraq continued to hide substantial information about prohibited programmes and probably continued to develop them. The Iraqi chemical industry could produce mustard gas close immediately, and limited amounts of nerve gas within months4.As early as in 1980s, it has been suspected that

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Leadership - Assignment ExampleThe today business population faces numerous challenges the economic cosmea is actually characterized by the n perpetually unknown transformations of unfermented technologies, ever exploitation and changing market demands and the global competition (Gardner & Schermerhorn Jr, 2004). There is a high level of uncertainties and complexities facing the workers in their various workplaces, and the job roles are becoming very ambiguous and the originations have found a new companion called change.The leaders who look at company matters for their personal gains instead of considering the organizational well-being commonly because deep resignation, general mistrust amongst the employees and the citizens, in general. In this unpredictable business environment, demand for new original leadership is rising very fast. The lack of the public trust in the business world ever has some consequences which are very dangerous to the many who enjoy the market system and that is why the growing of unique set of business leaders who treat the very people who work for them as the anchorperson of their business and the key to success rather than some capital incentives for doing business is actually very of the essence(p) (Dent, Higgins, & Wharff, 2005).Many people are going round looking at for the actual meaning of their working life, looking for the leaders who can restore the much- involve trust, the ever needed confidence, optimism and the much-envied resilience. The society in the todays world is in the constant need of innovative and sustained performance which is based on the much needed ethical values that usually go beyond the daily financial gains.The secret of leading the ever growing leading business organizations firmly lies in the slow development and some adoption and integrating of authentic leaders who can actually give their employees the much needed guidance and together evidence on for a shared vision, and the authentic leaders who are competent enough

Developing and Non-Developing Economies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Developing and Non-Developing Economies - Essay ExampleKenya is emerging as a strong economy both in Africa and also in the world, due toseveral detailors. First, the geographical positioning of the country is favorable, since the country serves as the gateway to the East African region, with a total population of cxl million consumers (Ho, n.p.). Coupled with the free trade agreement in the East African and the South African region that the country has entered into, it has access to a total of 600 million consumer markets, making the country account for 40% of the total East African GDP (Ho, n.p.). Further the country has surprised the world with its technological capabilities and innovations that assume seen the major global technology giants such as Facebook, IBM, Google and General Electric enter the country tone for technological investment opportunities (Ho, n.p.). The technological innovativeness of the country has been contributed by its highly educated English speaking new-fangled workforce that constitutes 65% of the countrys total population. On the other hand, Malawi is ranked the poorest and the least development economy in Africa and also among the poorest countries in the world, according to the latest World Bank rankings. This is occasioned by the fact that Malawi has a very high unemployment rate, with a very small economy having a GDP per capita of $267. The smudge has also been worsened by the overreliance of the Malawian population on government to offer jobs and subsidies for all goods, charm remaining less innovative businesswise (Yakobe, n.p.)

Business case and environment Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Business case and environment - Dissertation ExampleHowever, the HR associate works are still scattered across the various departments in the organization. However, the CEO of the company has opposite bigger and better plans. (As the next section says the plans referred tot he expansion plans. Please ware a fount. ) The CEO wanted to expand the company. The expansion is supposed to happen both in case of harvest line as well distribution, as the top management plans to open two more retail shops in the country one in Calgary and another one in Toronto. Therefore the organization take manpower both in case of quality and quantity. So the organization is going through a transformation phase. However, it is to be added that the employees of the company has not yet been informed ab step to the fore the proposed idea of change. In entrap to achieve the organizational objective the management has hired some(prenominal) new experienced faces. One of them happens to be the HR manger. This section of the study would look to analyze the way the HR manager dealt with the problems, solved them and effectively implemented the organizational change would be discussed. Data Collection The data collected happens to be tributary in nature. The main reason for much(prenominal) choice is the fact that the secondary data collection manner is the best to gather quality and relevant data within a short period of meter in a cost effective fashion. Also it is to be added that the secondary collected is primarily qualitative in nature. One of the main challenges faced by the HR manager was the integration of the HR department. As mentioned earlier the HR department had two staffs only looking after recruitment and operations. Also the HR works were scattered over the other departments. Therefore the HR manager realized that it is important have all the HR activities under one umbrella. Hence the HR manager decided to recruit some HR executives so that the HR functions put forward be integrated. Each of the HR executives was given responsibility to look after the HR issues related to issues of each department. Each of the executives will act as a bear upon point to the departmental heads. Each of the executives would be reporting to the HR manger. In this way the manger would be able to be in touch with the different departmental heads and also the HR department would obtain integrated in nature. The next area of focus for the HR manger was the employee morale and productivity. After analyzing the early(prenominal) employee records the manger found forth that the average age of employees in the organization is six to eight months. This need to be changed if the organization plans to achieve growth. Therefore the manager asked the HR executives to carry out an organizational search to find out the key pressure points. Based on the findings of the survey the manager found out that there is a lot of uncertainty regarding the reporting relationship s and job security in the organization. Also more of the employees were not properly sure about the job description. Add to that the manger also found out that since the HR organizational did not have a fully operational HR department activities such as the performance appraisal, salary increments were quite fragmented in nature. Therefore the manger decided to bring about Key result areas (KRA) and job descriptions for each of the designations. This would most certainly help the employees understand the roles in the organization. The employees can understand what is expected of them

The Intersection of Nature and Culture Essay Example for Free

The Intersection of Nature and Culture analyzeSemiotics is a theatre which stems from the work and theories of Ameri tidy sum logician C. S. Peirce and the French linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. The idiom originates from the Grecian word seemeiootikee, which denotes the study of soft touchs, what they represent and signify, and how homo creations play, interact and think in their universe. This pitchfork of learning and accord can be best described as a system of many communication theories and techniques which can be viewed as pieces of a puzzle. When these fragments ar committed and pieced together, they make visible, the intricate design of human interaction and interpersonal communication.Semiotics lies intermediary between philosophy and philology and is nothing less than an bearingification, or self-expression, or sayation and the work onation and comprehension of import. This area of study is a combination between scientific discipline and a world-view. Sem iotics is an enormously broad approach to understanding such matters as mean, cognition, coating, behavior, even livelihood itself.At the heart of this discipline lies the notion of sign. A sign, according to Charles S. Peirce, widely ac familiarityd to be superstar of the seminal thinkers about semiotics, is something which stands to somebody for something in some respect or capacity. It is the study of signs and symbols as agents of communicatory behavior and the analysis of systems of communication. These signs take the form of words, images, sounds, acts or aims, but have no genuine importee and become signs only when we invest them with subject matter- nothing is a sign unless it is interpreted and brings about some form of meaning.Understanding semiology assists in the true understanding of ones self, another(prenominal)s, and how we view the world around us. Inherently, humans are reactors. Because it is human nature to act, or react toward people, items, and instance s on the basis of preconceived meanings that have been assigned, it is beneficial to understand that to each one sign or symbol will have a different meaning to each unmarried it is presented to. Because of communication filters and barriers (which can also be signs and symbols) no message is ever received the exact expression it is sent. (See Appendix A)Similarly, e real number sign encountered can be decipherd and interpreted differently depending on preconceived notions, culture and personal experience. A signifier whitethorn induce many different interpretations of the signified (See Appendix B and D).This theory of signs and symbolism is divided into branches including pragmatics, semantics, and syntactics. Pragmatics is the branch of semiotics which deals with the causative and other dealings between words, expressions, or symbols and their users. It can be an analysis of language in terms of the situational context within which utterances are made, including the knowled ge and beliefs of the speaker and the relation between speaker and listener. Semantics is the study of the relationship between words and meanings.The field of semantics has collar fundamental concerns the relations of words to the objects denoted by them, the relations of words to the interpreters of them, and, in symbolic logic, the formal relations of signs to one another semantics is concerned with such issues as meaning and truth, meaning and thought, and the relation between signs and what they mean. Syntactics is the branch of semiotics dealing with the formal properties of language and systems of symbols. Innis proposes that, fundamentally these areas of thought deal with meanings and messages in all their forms and in all their contexts.There are three ways in which the sign can stand for its object as icon, index or symbol. An icon is a sign that stands for an object by resembling it, not entirely visually, but by any means. An icon makes a connection by similitude. Incl uded in this course of sign are obvious examples like pictures, maps and diagrams and some not so obvious ones like algebraic expressions and metaphors. Indexes refer to their objects, not by virtue of any similarity relation, but by an actual causal link between the sign and its object smoke is an index of fire. The relation between the sign and its object is substantial in that the sign and object have something in common that is, the object affects the sign.It is physically connected to the object. Symbols refer to their objects by virtue of a law, rule or convention. Words, propositions and texts are obvious examples in that no similarity or causal link is suggested in the relation between, for example,the word horse and the object to which it refers. In this category especially the potential arbitrary character of signs comes to the foreground. If symbols need bear no similarity or causal link to their object, then the signs can be considered by the sign user in unmeasured w ays, independent of any physical relationship to the sign user. The convention between recognizing a sign and the meaning which is provoked is affected by perception and experience.What appears to be a complex ideology is really very simple. Semiotics is everywhere, in every part of daily life. Humans recognize patterns of information and organize them to turn back meaning. The sign is the signifier, and what speaks to us is the signified. We see a sign, internalize it, and create meaning. The Semantic Triangle, (Appendix E) shows the indirect relationship between symbols and their referents. Some signs are culturally universal and convey similar meaning in individuals (Appendix F). Some signs act as instructions or directions, and guide or restrict behaviors.For instance, if a sign with a posterior encompassed by a red circle and a bar through the middle is on boast in a business it is understood that there is no smoking on the premises. This image has regulate meaning. Some si gns act as reminders. An image in of a young child in a magazine may serve as a sign for an aging mother and the signified may be a sense of sadness as her children have grown and moved on. The perception of meaning and the ability making sense out of the information that is world transmitted by these signs is an essential element of human communication.The study and application of semiotics is the frame work for representing meaning. Reality is encoded with signs and symbols and life is but to decode and find meaning. We seem to be a species driven by a desire to make meaning above all, we are surely homo-significans meaning-makers within which signs are meaningful units taking the form of words, images, sounds, acts or objects. such(prenominal) things have no intrinsic meaning and become signs only when we invest them with meaning. And it is this meaning-making which is at the heart of the concerns of semiotics.The event that humans can consume and interpret signs which are arb itrary and have no tangible world in their immediate experience is what makes thought possible and is distinctly human. Ideas can be brought to mind and manipulated without being directly experienced. Meanings can be expressed in various ways, through a variety of sign systems language, music, gesture and by many other vehicles. The meaning that is found within these signs creates the psychological and emotional purlieu we live in. Signs can also communicate ideological or connotative meaning, and perpetuate the dominant determine of society.Aristotle claimed that a thing either is or it isnt. Semiotics is the arbitrator of this existence and because things can be decoded and decipher differently by each individual, there is much grey area between the is and the isnt. By being aware of the way we use and interpret signs and symbols, and understanding the effects of these things on communication and interaction we are increasing and recognizing cognitive complexity so as to bette r approximate the halftones of this symbolically mediated real world.The meanings of signs and symbols are mediated by our experience and understanding of the world can never be the kindred for each person. Thomas Sebeok proposes that semiotics lies at the intersection of nature and culture. It is human nature to see and interpret signs but many of the signs we see are culturally adopted. However, we create our world of meaning by construe signs as we interact with objects in our environment and by personal experience.Having an understanding of Semiotics and its branches can overhaul one to better understand their own psyche, as interpreting and finding meaning has much to do with self-disclosure. It also brings an understanding of others into the framework. The concept of semiotics and the ability to comprehend the notions can become a flushed thing and be advantageous to the ability to communicate interpersonally, connect on a deeper level, and interact with other people and t he world aroundReferencesBarthes, Elements of Semiology (1967) A. A. Berger, Signs in ContemporaryCulture An Introduction to Semiotics (1988).Buchler, J. (Ed.). (1955). Philosophical literary works of Peirce. New York DoverInnis, R. (Ed.). Semiotics An Introductory Anthology. Bloomington, IN IndianaUniversity Press.1983Sebeok, T. Contributions to the Doctrine of Signs.Lisse Peter de Ridder Press.1976.Unknown, Steps towards evolutionary Semiotics. Semiotica 132, 3/4 (317-342).2000

Television as the Substitute Good Essay Example for Free

Television as the Substitute sizable EssayStudying the conditions, it underside be understood that the picture raiment is a substitute dangerous of the tv set repairmen. Meaning, if the price of hiring repairmen goes up, the demand for television sets will rise (Piana 2005). Although this may seem counter-intuitive, it makes much more(prenominal) sense when the problem is closely observed. Firstly, we take only in consideration the two goods given repairmen and television sets. It does not follow that television sets entertain an absolute need of repairmen for the industry to survive. When a television set breaks, hiring a repairman is not the only option. The second option is the second good itself. People have the option to simply buy a new television set. It is true that the market of repairmen is dependent on the demand for television sets but the scenario asks for the opposite. The market of television sets does not rely on the demand of repairmen. Overall, we can s ay that the increase of repairmen cost per hour will increase the quantity of new television sets sold.If the cost of television repairmen becomes too high, people will have the tendency to buy new sets instead of hiring repairmen. Of course, this scenario relies on the condition that other goods in the market are not considered. If we take into consideration goods that rival the television such as computers and what not, then the market for television sets may go down with the repairmen. However, the problem moldiness be limited to the given and all other factors cannot be applied. Since television and repairmen are the only ones to be considered, then the prediction above is more or less acceptable.

Importance of Teamwork in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Importance of Teamwork in treat EssayTeamwork involves the merging of members of the same or different professions or domains to work towards a common goal. This root compliments the skills of each member who are consequently committed to one purpose. Teamwork is therefore ch all toldenging and at the same clip rewarding. It is coupled with a lot of enthusiasm, hope and a share of its own setbacks. Teamwork is ab initio formed in any particular group with an aim of dividing the effort of accomplishing a particular labor movement while at the same instance multiplying the effect. Any positive work experience usually has an formulation of group upwork in it. Nurses make up the largest care-provider in a hospital setting thus nursing is a job that requires a lot of teamwork. This involves a nurse to nurse or a nurse to medico teamwork. In most cases, the nursing workforce is neglected by the administration involved due to the presentiment of the patients recuperation and recovery, thus nurturing a form of autonomy among the workforce. This serves in downsizing the emphasis on teamwork and this happens at the very expense of the same patients.Service delivery is paramount in the field of nursing and teamwork is one of the core determiners of good attend delivery. Teamwork among any group, on the other hand, is determined by various factors. These accommodate openness, responsibility, honesty, accountability, reliability, dialogue and understanding. All this factors have to be put to consideration while putting together a coherent team. A slight disregard of any would see to the failure of the team to deliver as expected.Teamwork does come with its own set of challenges that inhibit the delivery of good service by the team. These mainly fall out as a result of betrothal among the members of the team which is in turn rooted on differences pertaining distribution of duty, sharing, priority and un necessary competition. Poor handling of much(prenom inal) issues often consorts to the occurrence of many mistakes, mistrust among the team members, confusion, wastage of resources, lack of motivation, time wastage and lots of arguments that hold no water.More often than not, it is the patients who bear the yoke of such disagreements as the service rendered to them is henceforth substandard and this plunges their lives into jeopardy. Fallouts are common at this stage since the restructuring of these nursing teams would soused loss of time and complete loss of motivation among the team members. Precautions are therefore very necessary to avoid such grave situations as they do put the lives of others at stake. Adjustments should be made at the slightest sign of unrest among the team members.Sharing responsibility equally is usually the first study border by any group. Matters pertaining age, seniority and level of experience should not be used to condescend against around members. On the contrary, the members should maximize on th e potential that comes with these various facets of diversity and others like gender, socio-cultural and economic backgrounds. Put together, all this facets can give rise to a whole new of teamwork with a lot of diversity which would lead to the conception of new ideas.The approach of issues proactively rather than reactively is also a worthwhile measure to counter these challenges. stripe has always worked better than cure and this is also the same convention with proactive action. The team members are supercharged with the task of ensuring that any prevailing or looming predicaments are brought to the light before they turn ugly and author rifts within the team. This serves in ensuring that little or no time is lost in the process of work problems.Letting the issues accrue and the procrastination of dealing with them ends up in the wastage of time and patients bearing the lions share of these problems due to the poor service delivery. Cultivating a culture of dialogue is anoth er way of avoiding conflict in the course of teamwork. When a team embraces dialogue, prevalent issues are addressed and solved amicably. Positive reproval ensures that everyone can correct each other without any hard feelings.When criticism is directed towards a soulfulness positively, he or she is bound to make the amends wherever the error occurs. Gradual technological sweetening and restructuring the team every now and then is necessary in order to avoid monotony. This reignites the team with fervidness thus ensuring a rise in quality service delivery. Clarity on the roles of each team member would also do some good. This would help in avoiding the confusion especially if the team has numerous members. Morale on the side of the administration would also improve the teams service delivery.This could be done through the formation of some form of healthy inter-teams competitions that would see the appreciation of the team that is outmatch at service delivery. Incentives can al so be brought to the picture. This would actually ensure that the teams work hard to crush each other and thus better their teamwork in this process. An improvement in the teamwork among the nurses would have some major effects in service to the patients. There would be definitely be an improved client-service delivery, improved relationships between team members and consequently with the administration.These healthcare institutions would also unveil a wider range of services due to the time efficient system. In conclusion, teamwork in nursing is sacrosanct since it is a profession that deals with lives of people. An improvement in service delivery therefore means that the clients are in safer hands. Reference Institute for Innovation and Improvement, (March, 2007) Developing and sustaining effectual teams. ISBN 9781904114482, Royal College of Nursing, Retrieved on 3rd April 2009 from http//www. rcn. org. uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78735/003115. pdf,

All of our Choices are Predetermined Essay Example for Free

All of our Choices be Predetermined EssayThe Universe appears to be governed entirely by laws, studies of physics face to show that atoms go over an extremely predictable pattern of cause and effect. This presents a difficult problem for philosophy if any physiologic matter is governed by the laws of cause and effect, and we ourselves argon comprised of physical matter, how could it be so that all choices we make could be seen to be free?The proposeion that our choices atomic number 18 set out by cause and effect is cognise as Determinism. Philosophers such as Ted Honderich possess argued for determinism and for the consequences that it cancels out free allow for. It seems insensible to argue that we ar non in the least bit determined, and almost all population know from personal experience that people act in a relatively stable and predictable way. For example, if I were to ask my father if he wanted tea or coffee, I would know that he would want coffee establish on his love of coffee, and hatred for tea. This preference could not be argued in all way to be a choice made by him, we do not choose what we like, but simply do.Whether our preferences are based on nature or nurture is an ongoing debate, but regardless of the final conclusion, as ample as our opinions are based on either of the two options, we would be seen to be determined. Nature is not in our control, neither on the other hand, is nurture. If our personalities are based on environmental or catching factors and nothing else then our actions are surely determined. This slur is extremely convincing and was famously used by Clarence Darrow to pr eveningt two murderers from receiving the death penalty, he argued that they where a product of their upbringing and as such could not be held morally responsible for their actions. This meant, while they could be jailed to prevent threat to society, they could not be punished with the death penalty.The viewpoint of Determinism, while convincing, is by no means universally authentic. The business line seems to go over against our intuitions that we are free -although it is notable at this point that our intuitions themselves are philosophically worthless, we cannot argue for an element of lawfulness on the grounds that we feel it is true- and is seemingly incompatible with the view of a God who punishes and rewards his creations with heaven and hell. If our actions are predetermined, then it seems that punishment in hell would be arbitrary. God would simply be creating people in a flawed way, and then punishing them for his poor skills of creation. Needless to say, this viewpoint is not accepted by many Christians and so there have been many arguments for a lack of determinism in philosophy.The belief of Libertarianism, is that we are completely free in the words of Jean-Paul Sartre I am not free not to be free. Though Sartres beliefs on free go away were more assertions than arguments of proofs, he summaris es the Libertarian view point perfectly. All our actions are completely freely chosen, our only confinement is that we cannot be confined.Libertarianism has the difficult task of explaining how it is possible to defend non-determined choices in an environment where all things seem to be determined by cause and effect. As already stated, if our character is held to be nothing but a result of nature of nurture, then determinism must be accepted as a matter of logical consistency.From this, many Libertarians would stipulate the existence of a super-natural element to our personality. For example, if iodin were to believe in a soul, then it is possible to argue the physical laws of cause and effect have no bearing on our actions. This does seem to contradict fairly obvious observable evidence. Psychology has ofttimes found causes for human behaviour, and it is difficult to explain the consistency and successes of this particular scientific straighten out if we do not accept that our c hoices are determined in some way.One of the more successful attempts of Libertarianism to discredit Determinism is the pointing to laws of physics that do not seem to obey causality. Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle shows distinct examples of elements of nature acting randomly, and not due to cause and effect. There are two main criticisms that can be made of this argument One, that this principle only functions on an minute level, while actual objects such as people allay obey determined laws of physics (although science has proven the principle can be amplified to affect people), and Two, that even where actions random, there would distillery not be free will, while we would not live in a predetermined environment, we would still live in a (randomly) determined environment. If one was to roll a dice in order to decide the actions a prisoner should take, they would not be considered free by any means.The fundamental flaw of Libertarianism, is that when we examine how it would w ork, it seems to collapse. As all choices are made according to our personality, a sequential killer, is only so because he has a serial killers personality. This statement would suggest determinism and could only be argued against in two waysFirstly, we could state that the serial killer has no personality, this however, seems nearly impossible to uphold. Without personality, we would have no preferences and without preferences we could not make any choice at all. Asking someone who has no preference of undecomposed over evil, or pleasure over pain, to make a moral decision would be kind of like asking someone whether they prefer white to white. Without personality, we would not be able to make any choice at all, as no options would appeal to us over others. It could be argued, that decisions can still be made according to rationalism, but as rationalism and logic are consistent discipline this would make our actions even more predictable and un-chosen than determinism suggests. So this argument cannot be used to defend Libertarianism.Secondly, we could suggest that the Serial-Killer was in some way in control of his personality. That he chose his preference of evil over good. This again fails. As we have already stated, choices cannot be made without personality, so to choose a personality we would ingest a personality for us to choose, this initial personality would determine the personality we chose. We could attempt to argue that this initial personality was chosen, but very soon we would have to give way to infinite regression.With this in mind, Libertarianism and the intimation that our choices are anything but pre-determined or random, is not only completely incompatible with the current model of physics and psychology, but more importantly is incompatible with choice itself (as choice requires preference, preference designates personality which in rick suggests determinism). Libertarianism is a self defeating system in that it requires an absenc e of will to prove free will, which would be rendered trivial without will.There is also a logical argument against Libertarianism. J.J.C Smart points out that there are two possible states of things, i.e. determinism or indeterminism. Either determinism is true, or indeterminism is true, these exhaust all possible philosophical options. Determinism would prevent a Libertarian view as our choices are predetermined, indeterminism would seem to prevent Libertarian view also, as our choices are random and and so not controlled or free. From this argument, we can see that a Libertarian argument for free will is impossible.It seems undeniable therefore, that all our choices are pre-determined -or in the least part random, whether our choices are in fact pre-determined or random is largely down to physicists to discover, currently it seems to be that we are in fact pre-determined, but this cannot be assured without cognition of all physics. Even if our choices are not predetermined, wh at they are not -as has been argued in the course of this essay- is freely chosen, at least according to the viewpoint of free will presented by libertarianism. But what would the effects of this be? expectant determinism would argue that we cannot claim to possess free will in a deterministic environment. The problem with this position seems to be that we have defined free will incorrectly. The view of free-will as indifference, has in the course of this essay been demonstrated as problematic, and if we adopt this view of free-will then hard determinism would seem an agreeable viewpoint, the problem is, that this seems an suddenly meaningless way of discussing free will.Free will does not appear to refer to the ability of will to change itself, when we refer to a free lion, we do not mean it is free to change to a tiger or a bird, we simply mean it is free to act according to its nature. It would therefore seem to be more useful to discuss free will in the sense of a will being a ble to act itself out, we are free if we could have chosen otherwise HAD our will been different. This Compatibilist access code adopted by David Hume seems to allow us to discuss free will in a significant way, within what seems to be a predetermined environment.

First flight Essay Example for Free

first of all flight EssayFirst flight The warm wind blows past me. Only two colours empennage be seen in all directions. The bright blue of the mid day sky and the bronze, double-dyed(a) earth carrying on for miles. Across the endless plains are plants speckled by plants that look more worry scattered ants from here. I scraggy my eye and face the sun. Burning rays hit my face. I stand on the edge of a canyon, my bare feet burning on the hot desert sand. My toes curled over the edge. I imagine what may lie at the bottom of this seemingly endless fall. I think of a rushing river ripping at the walls, making the canyon deeper and deeper.I imagine myself falling through the assembly line straight to the bottom of the canyon. I know if I dont do this now I depart be stuck to walk this planet like every other being. I tilt my body forward, I demoralize to lose my balance, my heart is racing, and with one last gulp of air and my eyes closed I dive forward. I feel the air sepa rating as I cut through it. My body spinning as I fall. I open my eyes and watch the sides of the gorge rushing past me. It feels nice, no wonderful, superb, and magnificent, as if date has stood still. Faster, faster. I rush towards the end.The end of being trapped, without freedom to do what you want, go where you please. I close my eyes again and enjoy this amazing feeling. Voices mumble in the background. They grow louder as I bodge back into reality, turning into shouts. I snap open my eyes. The bottom is very close, a tiny teem trickles through the giant crack in the earth, nothing like I imagined before. Is there anything I can do now? I try to remember what Im supposed to do. Before I could recite her lessons intelligence agency for word but now when I need them most, my head is only filled with her face.The bottom is so close now I can see the ripples in the water I can view out the colours of the stones underneath the clear running water. My heart is racing faster tha n ever before, I want to scream but nothing comes out. I pull my head up and the spinning stops. I realise Im dizzy and everything is swaying back and forth. I pull my wings out just in time and I glide above the tiny stream. The bottom, which was once so far away, my claws dangle just above. I flap my wings, pull my legs in and start to make my way back up to the top.My dizziness fades and I notice as I make my way back to the top, the plants clinging to the side of the beaten walls. When I fulfil the top I see the terrified look on my mothers face which she is trying to cover up with a smile. I plant my feet on the hot desert sand. I look at her and she shakes her head. I turn to my brothers talking about how amazing I was. Mum turns and they follow her talking about how it will be one of their turns tomorrow. I turn back to the edge of the canyon and face the sky with my eyes close. Ive done it. My first flight.

Fair Is Foul and Foul Is Fair Essay Example for Free

Fair Is cruddy and Foul Is Fair EssayFair is cash in ones chips, and foul is graceful. Hover through the fog and filthy air, entrust tongue to the witches in the first act and scene of Macbeth. Pertaining to the story, I believe this quote sheds light to the audience on the evil the witches possess. Without even reading further into the book, the audience bum feel the eerie aura that the witches give off. You can foreshadow that the witches are going to turn what is good, foul and maintain what is foul. The witches are saying that fair and foul are the same to be fair, you must be foul and to be foul, you must be fair. The witches do foul things because they think it is the only fair way. The witches basically symbolize everything that the kingdom does not rent to prosper. The witches are manipulative. They manipulate Macbeth simply because his downfall would bring them joy.Evil and foul prophecies will cloud Macbeths judgment, making him think that they are fair and wha t he needs to follow. They are foul in their motives simply their words are fair and their wordplay cannot be defined as lying but they skilfully dance around the truth. To the witches foul is fair and vice versa. You can overly say that what is foul to whatsoever normal human is what is fair and good to the witches because they embody everything that we believe is evil. You can relate the phrase to realness or just believe that this is the witches opinion. Relating to real life outside of the book, I believe that this quote can mean that sometimes do be fair and just you feel to go about it in a way that isnt fair and just. Justice has to be attained, sometimes, by unjust means. It can also mean that the truth hurts and life is not fair, also to be fair is not to be appealing.These both words are opposite of their meanings. Depending on a persons definition of fair and foul, it can change its meaning. It is circumstantial, and the meaning can change frequently. Defining fair as benevolent and good and foul as evil and menacing, you can say that to be good, you have to be malicious and to malicious you have to go about it in a good and nice way. Some things that are fair force not always be the best but things that are fair might always be what a person what a person wants. Also, it could mean that people and things arent as they depend. People who seem foul could be fair and people who seem fair could be foul.

Surrogacy Legalisation in Australia Essay Example for Free

Surrogacy Legalisation in Australia EssayWomen usu onlyy become a substitution incur because they regain compensation in atomic number 53 form or another from doing it others do it because a family member cannot produce a baby of their declare. transgendered bracess tend to use surrogacy as an option to hasten a child of their own, as compared to adopting a child. overdue to commercial surrogacy being illegal in Australia, it has driven transvestite couples to other countries such as India where the foster mothers are not as healthy as the ones in Australia. Commercial surrogacy should be legalised in Australia so community of all sexualities do not revert to other countries where poor women are exploited and helper protect the legal status of children there. (Esther Han, December 9, 2012, Sydney Morning Herald) Through surrogacy, couples of either straight persons or homosexuals are settingted to work a family of their own if they cannot produce one for themselv es. in that respect are two types of surrogacy traditional and gestational. A traditional surrogate is a woman who donates her own egg and then carries out the pregnancy.Their egg is donated from their own body with the sperm of the father or the sperm from a donor. A gestational surrogacy is when the surrogate isnt biologically or genetically related to the child that she is carrying. Through the process of in vitro fertilization, the carrier becomes pregnant. This fertilization is where an fertilized egg or several embryos are created from the eggs and sperm of the intended parents are implanted in the womb for the gestational period of 40 weeks.As in the grounds of temperament it takes a mans sperm and a womans egg to create a baby, it makes it impossible for homosexual hatful or couples to recollect a baby of their own and therefore surrogacy is an option for them. In gestational surrogacy, there is no carry genetic impact on the baby from the surrogate mother and there is no desoxyribonucleic acid from the surrogate mother to the baby. This is because the embryotic sack that the baby is in has already got the DNA from its mother and father finished the in vitro fertilization procedure.However, if the surrogate mother is not getting enough nutrients in her diet or if she were to drink or take drugs, this would affect the health and maturation of the baby as if it would a traditional surrogacy. Homosexual couples tend to go for surrogacy as opposed to adoption due to the fact that m some(prenominal) homosexual couples want a baby that is created from their own DNA (because they cannot create their own with a woman) and not call for up someone elses child through adoption.Not only because of these reasons do they tend to go for surrogacy, but also because adoption for homosexuals either in a relationship or not and wizard people has now become prohibited in almost every country in the world. There are a few concerns that do influence the decision o n whether a homosexual couple adopt (if they were able to in that particular country) or apply for a gestational surrogate. Some of the concerns that they have with adoption is that some mothers decide to change their minds at the last minute and keep their baby preferably of giving it to the adoptive parents.The costs that are involved with adoption and surrogacy are around the same add together of money to pursue so m some(prenominal) homosexual and heterosexual couples tend to go for surrogacy because thus far with the pure price increase of surrogacy, the couple would have a baby that is created from their own DNA. For the homosexual couple however, the DNA would come from one of the parents (Janna Herron, Bank Rate, 2013). In Australia, the current laws have stated that commercial surrogacy is illegal.However, there is no current law that states in Australia that non-commercial surrogacy also known as altruistic surrogacy is illegal. According to the Surrogacy Act of 2010, any parties can enter into a non-commercial/altruistic surrogacy agreement regardless of their sex and relationship status. The surrogate mother of the intending parents is not allowed to receive money or any compensation from the intending parents, but are allowed to have any medical expenses that are related to the baby be compensated for by the intending parents.For a homosexual couple, conclusion a willing surrogate mother in Australia who doesnt want to be compensated more than what the law states is almost impossible to find, and this therefore leads homosexual couples to apply for surrogacy in other countries such as India. Each year, India produces hundreds of babies through commercial gestational surrogacy to intending parents all around the world. A vast amount of these babies from India go to intending homosexual couples of Australia.Just before Christmas last year, India changed their law for surrogacy to now exclude homosexuals, singles and people of all genders that are in a de facto relationship. This new law has been put into place because there are people who access surrogacy, rather than assisting the surrogates and the way in which surrogacy is done (Janna Herron, Bank Rate, 2013). This new law in India has abnormal homosexual couples especially because they can no longer apply for commercial surrogacy because they no longer fit in with the new criteria.These laws have been passed because of the controversial issues that may slip away and the psychological issues that child may receive from having two parents of the same sex raise them. There are many controversial issues with being in a same sex relationship, including that of same sex remediates and children. Children are an important aspect of many peoples lives. One of the issues that have arisen is whether a child who is raised from same sex parents will bowl over birth from psychological abnormalities or development issues.Studies have shown from The American Psychiatric Associa tion that there are no development issues or differences between children who have been raised by either homosexual or heterosexual parents. The childs intelligence, psychological adjustment, popularity with friends, development of social sex role identity or development of sexual orientation has not been negatively affected or influenced due to their parents sexual origin as many stereotypes may point out.Another controversial issue that same sex couples face is the nature vs. nurture theory. Some people believe that if a man and a woman cannot produce a baby of their own, then they should therefore not be having children. This same theory applies to homosexual couples. In the look of society, if a homosexual couples cannot produce a baby naturally, than they should not be allowed to participate in the surrogacy scheme. This shouldnt be the case for anyone, homosexual or not (Surrogacy Controversy, 2009)Controversial issues aside, should the legalisation of commercial surrogacy fo r heterosexuals and homosexuals in Australia occur? The answer is yes. Homosexuals should be allowed to access commercial surrogacy in Australia because we know the environment the women are living in is much more sanitised and cleaner as opposed to the third world countries such as India where intending same sex parents have had to resort to in order to have a baby.The surrogate mothers of Australia should be allowed to be compensated for the physical hardships and mental discomforts that she may endure. Studies have shown that no mental development issues have occurred from children who have same sex parents and there are no negative effects on the children. Everyone has the right to have a child and by legalising commercial surrogacy in Australia, more people will be able to have the families theyve always wanted instead of having to meet the new criteria of the Indian laws.And sure, two daddies cannot give a child a mothers love but they can definitely give them double pappa lo ve and in the end all that matters to a child is that they are loved by their parents even if that happens to be two mums or two dads (Rosemary Odgers and Margaret Wenham, Courier Mail, February 10,2010). Reference List Esther Han, December 9, 2012, Sydney Morning Herald, accessed atomic number 90 22nd May, 2013) lt http//www. smh. com. au/national/call-to-reform-surrogacy-laws-20121208-2b264. htmlgt Farlex Inc. 013, The Free Dictionary, accessed Friday tenth May, 2013 Kerry Brewster, 2013, ABC News, accessed Friday 10th May, 2013 Professor Jenni Millbank, 2013, ABC News, accessed Friday 10th May, 2013 Janna Herron, Bank Rate, 2013, accessed Friday 17th May, 2013 Surrogacy Act of Australia, 2010, accessed on Friday 24th May, 2013 Surrogacy Controversy, April 2009, accessed sunshine 26th May, 2013 Rosemary Odgers and Margaret Wenham, Courier Mail, February 10, 2010, accessed Sunday 26th May, 2013

Indian Influence Essay Example for Free

Indian Influence EssayThis authorship aims to discuss the question of to what uttermost the Indians train influenced place names and the vocabulary of American face. Considering that Native American Indians are the oldest people in America, it is natural that their language and culture have had some influence upon the development of American English, as well(p) as upon place names in America. It is believed that the first Native Americans arrived during the last ice-age, approximately 20,000 30,000 years ago .There are a great number of American place names, including those of large cities and states, which have been named later on Indian linguistic communication its estimated that at least half of the states get their names from Indian newss. These complicate Arizona, which comes from the Indian word Arizonac, which means little spring or young spring. Arizona has a write up rich in legends of pertaining to the West. Here Indian chiefs Geronimo and Cochise led the f ight against the frontiersmen.Tombstone, Arizona, was the site of the most famous gunfight in the West, this being the gunfight at the O. K. Corral. Names of other states influenced by the Indians include Arkansas which comes from the Quapaw Indians, Iowa, which likely comes from an Indian name consequence this is the place or the Beautiful Land, Oklahoma, which is from two Choctaw Indian words meaning red people, and Wyoming, which is from the Delaware Indian word meaning mountains and valleys alternating, just like the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania.It can therefore be seen that the influence of American Indians has had quite a large impact on the naming of places in America. The vocabulary of American English has also been quite profoundly impacted. In a similar way that thousands of place names have been impacted by Indian words, so have many US English words have their roots in American Indian.These help in making the language the rich, cultural affair that it is today, and i nclude not only words such as tomahawk from the Virginia Algonquin tamahaac, totem from the Ojibwa nindoodem, my totem, wampum from the Massachusetts wampumpeag , wigwam from the Eastern Abenaki wikwom but also moccasin from the Virginia Algonquian moose from the Eastern Abenaki mos, papoose from the Narragansett papoos, child, pecan from the Illinois pakani which are used with relevance to everyday American things.The word Podunk, meant to describe an insignificant town out in the middle of nowhere, comes from a Natick Indian word meaning swampy place. Many of these words borrowed from American Indians are nouns from the Algonquian languages that used to be common and widely spoken along the Atlantic coast. English colonists, who came across iar plants and animals which were strange to them at the time named them based on Indian terms. Naturally enough pronunciation changed and words were shortened in order to make them easier for the English tongue.But the fact remains that the ir roots are in American Indian words. Conclusion This paper shows that the Indians have influenced both place names and the vocabulary of American English to a large degree.REFERENCESInfoplease, 2005 American Indian Loan Words, retrieved 8 May 2006 from the website http//www. infoplease. com/spot/aihmwords1. html Native Americans, 2005, The Bravest of the Brave, retrieved 8 May 2006 from the website http//www. nativeamericans. com/ feature Monster, 2005, American Indian Place Names retrieved 8 May 2006 from the website http//www. factmonster. com/spot/aihmnames1. html

Information Systems Security Survey Essay Example for Free

breeding organisations protection Survey hearThe University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) is an institution that was built back in the 19th century. UNMCs delegation is to improve the health of Nebraska through premier educational programs, innovative research, the highest quality patient c ar, and outreach to underserved populations (UNMC, 2004). As an institution with key interest to privacy of its students, staff and subordinate staff, UNMC has adopted various policy guidelines to chink breeding security system. The entropy Security Management computer program (ISMP) describes its safeguards to protect confidential instruction. These safeguards are meant among another(prenominal) reason toEnsure the confidentiality of selective informationEnsure the truth of dataEnsure the availability of data harbor against anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of the information UNMC has adopted information security constancy best practices to implement its information security system (UNMC, 2014). They have become so effective that during 2011, a Hitrust Gap assessment was performed, and no significant gaps were found within its security program. The worksheet below outlines how these programs have been turn over out by different offices in the university.Worksheet development Security Program SurveySecurity field of operations Responsible Party / Office of Primary Responsibility Known Vulnerabilities / Risks Countermeasures / Risk Mitigation Strategy science (systems/services) development Security Office Breach of the confidentiality clause All service providers must undergo an evaluation process to verify they are qualified. Contracts have a confidentiality clause whose breach terminates the contract. Asset management System executive ugly asset management Proper policies and procedure in placeto envision effective asset management. Evaluation to ascertain the qualifications of asset managers. Audit and accountability Information Security Office rascally employees disclosing confidential information to third parties all application contains a log that must be persist in to meet regulatory requirement. There is Information security Incident Response intent to handle all notable strange events. Authentication and authorization System Administrator Covered data may be transferred to third parties without authorization Employees are provided with user name and password to adit the data.Employees are trained on developing a secure password. There are control policies in place governing chafe to this information. Business continuity Information Security Office Non-coordination and miscommunication between employees All employees are supposed to keep contact information of co-workers and supervisors to seek for help in case of any emergency. ossification management Compliance Officer the Information Security Officer Employees failure to comply with the set guidelines, policies and procedure The re is a compliance form that is filled before a major project is undertaken by the enterprise. The form is to ensure that no new risk is introduced to the enterprise. Configuration control System Administrator Compromised system security Every configuration must have a password. Each password must have at least(prenominal) ten characters.The password must be encrypted at all times. info System Administrator Data may be intercepted during transmission Database with security keys is available to authorized employees only. Access to classified data is allowed to curb employees. Information security plan ensures security of cover data. Hardware System Administrator Destruction of computer hardware in casualty Only employees with technical know-how of operating hardware are allowed to use them. The hardware are encrypted for security purposes. Hardware backup system. Identity management Information Security Office Unauthorized covered data and information transfer through third part ies Identity Management Program (IDM) outlines procedure for proceeds credentials based on the NIST guidance. Checks are done on employees prior to their employment.Incident management bid CentreIncident Response Team Physical loss of data in a disaster An Incident Reporting and Response Plan is in place to report and respond to any determine risk. Availability of a well-trained incident response team. Command Centre is established to manage emergency. Maintenance procedures compound Advisory Board (CAB) Existing patches within the security system A release process is in place to ensure that the changes do not affect non-primary system. Patching policies for workstations to ensure security. Media protection and destruction Information Security Office Unauthorized admittance covered data as well as information Data storage policies define how data stored in the media is to be protected. Data is only stored in a secured data centre or encrypted medium. net profit System Administr ator Unauthorized access to the communicate Network traffic is controlled by Cisco enterprise-class firewall where inbound connects are only allowed to DMZ.Internal trusted network is provided via an encrypted VPN tunnel. technical perimeter is established to bar direct access from the internet to the Internal Trusted Area. Planning Information Security Office Poor planning that compromise management of the security system Contingency plan is in place to handle any eventuality. Employees are encouraged to store data on network file servers for backup. All backups are surely stored and marked for easy identification during emergencies. Personnel System Administrator Loss of data integrity Employees are only employed after exhibiting minimum security requirement. Information Security Addendum are to be signed for confidentiality purposes. An insider who ensures that all legal requirements are followed before access is granted must accompany outsiders accessing information. Physical environment System Administrator Physical safety of the environment may be compromised through attacks and burglary No unauthorized personal is allowed within the data centre premises. The data centers are controlled by keycard access.Policy Information Security Plan CoordinatorPolicies may be misinterpreted by the employee The Universitys security policy is enshrined in the Privacy, Confidentiality and Security of Patient Proprietary Information Policy and the Computer example and Electronic Information Security Policy. The two policies require that authorized people can only access this information. The policies are reviewed every two years to make them in tandem with the prevailing circumstances. Operations The Information Security Officer and the Infrastructure TeamFailure for operations to comply with the system security policy An operation must fill a compliance Checklist or a Security Risk perspicacity form for review to verify that no new risk is introduced to the enterpr ise.Outsourcing System Administrator Unauthorized manifestation of security information by third parties Outsourced vendors must comply with UNMC Policy No. 8009, Contract Policy. marketers accessing classified student information must sign the GLB Act contract addendum. Risk assessments Information Custodian Poor method of risk assessment that may downplay the actual impact of a risk Security assessment I conducted annually. All applications must meet the organizations security policies and procedure. software program System Administrator Software may be infected with a virus Software should not be installed unless the user trusts it. Vendor update and patches must be installed unless directed otherwise.Software license must be retained to pick up technical assistance. Training System Administrators and Information Custodians Misuse of security system Loss of data integrity Employees are trained on information security system before they are employed. System administrators and information custodians are annually trained on Specific Information Security Policy and Procedure.ReferencesUNMC. (March 2014) Strategic Plan 2010-2013. Retrieved from http//www.unmc.edu/wwwdocs/strategic-plan_06-10_v3-brochure1.pdf United States Government Accountability Office. (February 2010). ELECTRONIC PERSONAL HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE Health like Entities Reported Disclosure Practices and Effects on Quality of Care. Retrieved from http//www.gao.gov/new.items/d10361.pdf UNMC. (February 9, 2004). Information Security Plan. Retrieved from http//www.unmc.edu/its/docs/UNMCInformationSecurityPlan-Sept2010.pdf

A seminar on “Beginning For Beginnger” Essay Example for Free

A seminar on Beginning For Beginnger EssayA seminar on Beginning For Beginnger was held at DKU at Faculty of Business Managemnet. This seminar was held on 9 June 2012-06-24. This seminar was begin on 2.00Pm 5PM. It was jointly organised by all part three student who take Mgt538 in this semester. The purpose of the Seminar was to communion about lessons and challenges in facing currunt enviroment on studies and future day working enviroment. It digested mainly on the attitutes, styles and activeness that should be take to faced all the situation. All part three students whose take this subject argon compulsory to attented this seminar. The Programme is enforcen at DKU that situated in Faculty of Business Management. The seminar was given by Cik Noor Syuhada,caunsellor Uitm Seri Iskandar Perak.AIMS AND OBJECTIVESThe seminar was structured in a way that helped participants to walk through the issues, starting from the relevance of the organisational context, along the issues that piss to be addressed, the intended or assumed and finally to the actual implementation. The objectives of the seminar were to provide insight in the issues, to draw the mistake ,and to discuss the possible approaches for formulating and implementing tools that can be take. In order to come along discussion and a more focussed exchange of information practical sessions were scheduled .During these sessions participants could ask some questions and share thoughts with all(prenominal) early(a) and the speakers.THE POSITIVE IMPACTSThe seminar participants agreed that 1. This programs will help them to break their knowledge on facing their future enviroment especially during their working enviroment.2. Many participants were given a chance to ask any questions and they also were give a chance to share some idea or tips that will give benefits to all participants.3. It is til nowtful that all parties to attends,it will give a common understanding about what these and other k ey terms mean.4. The seminar have give them a lot of tips on attending interviews and facing interviews session that will improve their confident to facing that.THE NEGATIVE IMPACTSThe side impacts that can be conclude from the seminar 1. Some participants not focus during the seminar.2. They playing games on their mobile phone, chatting, talking and etc.3. Not all students have confidents to ask questions even they have intention to do so.4. Sessions for students to discuss among themselves was not held.RECOMMENDATIONS Some recommendations that can be take are 1. Small group discussion can be do in oreder to give participants share or discuss among themselves about the issues on the seminar.2. Students should be ask to switch off their phone during the seminar.3. Try to encourage students to build up their confident to share, ask or gine opinion during the seminar.CONCLUSIONS The feedback of the participants confirmed that the seminar was very much appreciated as well as that ther e is a pressing need for more practical approaches and for other opportunities to discuss the many issues. The speakers came also from different backgrounds and presented the audience with different practical experiences, insights, and views, both at an organisational and issue level. It gave a good impression and understanding of the many perspectives. The seminar have improve knowlegde among participant and will benefits to them in facing their future working enviroments.

Psychological Impacts of Nostalgia for People With Dementia

Psychological Impacts of Nostalgia for People With DementiaTHE mental IMPACTS OF NOSTALGIA FOR PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA STUDY PROTOCOL1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1.2 Existential realitiesFour basic concerns that contract been proposed to discombobulate great impact on the lives of all spate argon death, freedom, empiric isolation and momentlessness (Yalom, 1980). Yalom (1980) argues that although flock tend to neglect these four realities, they are still pervasive and influential on our lives. He offers the next explanations to these realities which he refers to as ultimate concerns. He explains that the inevitability of death is a fact of feeling which we are all aware of irrespective of the central human desire of existence. The central experiential difference of opinion is the gallop between the realisation of the inevitability of death and the desire to continue to live. From an existential perspective, freedom refers to the lack of push through-of-door structure. Paradoxical to an individuals everyday experience, human beings do not reside in a universe that has ingrained design and is well-structured. Instead, the individual is totally the orchestrator of his or her give birth choices, knowledge domain, actions and design. Freedom from this view implies superbly that there is no ground beneath us. The key existential dynamic in this sense is the encroach between our encounter with groundlessness and our desire for ground and structure. As humans, our reality of freedom is evidenced from the conflict which arises from our inlet of self-determination and our realisation of lack of support and un certainty. This happens when one recognises the things that happen in ones life are up to oneself.The third ultimate concern is isolation. This form of isolation from an existential sense does push to neither interpersonal isolation (such(prenominal) as loneliness) nor intrapersonal isolation (such as isolation from oneself). This form of isolation refers to fundamental isolation. This means that no matter how close we are to each other, unavoidably, we are on our own. Each of us comes into existence alone and must exit from it alone. Thus, the existential conflict is the strain between our realisation of our unquestioning isolation and our desire for contact, protection and to be part of a larger group (Yalom, 1980).Accumulation of the trine realities results in the fourth, which is, meaninglessness. In a world where there is no absolute truth and the only certainty about life is death, life tends to be meaningless. People will cling unto values and concepts in an endeavour to formulate meaning in life. Life essentially has no meaning if death is inevitable if our own world is constituted by ourselves and if we are fundamentally isolated (Yalom, 1980). As Yalom (1980) elaborated, the existential dynamic conflict emerges from the impasse of a meaning-seeking creature that is put into a universe that possesses no meaning. It merchant man be argued that although these existential realities are experienced by all human beings in one form or the other, close to categories of persons are more likely to experience profound aspects of these existential threats. One of such groups of quite a little is good deal with delirium.1.1.3 Dementia an existential threatDementia is an existential plight of persons and not simply a line of work to be investigated and managed through technical skill (Baldwin and Capstick, 2007 p. 117). It has been regarded as a disease of the entire person or else than a mere illness of the brain (Murray and Boyd, 2009, Passmore, Ho and Gallagher, 2012, Post, 2013, Nowell, Thornton and Simpson, 2013). With its associated health and social problems and deterioration leading to death, aberration can be perceived as a form of existential threat (Cheston, 2011). People with delirium experience changes in biographical factors. These biographical factors are the changes in later life. Whereas s ome throng with dementia go through their illness with most of the mechanisms that previously supported them still unblemished, others go through a sequence of shineing and disheartening changes in life with massive surrender in their personal resources. much(prenominal) personal resources refer to that which has been inherently developed by the person including all the consequences of social learning. These include aspects such as ways of managing crisis, breathing out and modifications willingness to accept help offered by others and defense against tension or anguish (Kitwood, 1993). Social psychological factors that make up the fabric of everyday life could enhance or diminish the sense of value, safety and personal being of the person with dementia. These have been enumerated and framed under the purview of a malignant social psychology (Kitwood, 1990 p. 180). These include treachery, disempowerment, infantilisation, condemnation, intimidation, stigmatisation, outpacing, i nvalidation, banishment and objectification (Kitwood, 1990, Kitwood, 1993).Dementia as an existential threat denies a smooth adjustment into the existing self-concept of the person affected by dementia (Cheston, 2013). Cheston (2011) also argues that the threatened loss of cognitive ability for volume with dementia could influence the way in which they make sense of the world and their self-esteem. He further expounds that existential realities are more prominent for concourse affected by dementia and can be evidenced in the subjective experiences of people with dementia. People with dementia seek for adherence (Piiparinen and Whitlatch, 2011, Van Assche et al, 2013, Osborne, Stokes and Simpson, 2010, Browne and Shlosberg, 2006, Perren et al, 2007, Stephens, Cheston and Gleeson, 2013), meaning/ purpose in life (MacKinlay and Trevitt, 2010, McGovern, 2011, McGovern, 2012, Phinney, 2011) and experience loss of personal identity (Eustache et al, 2013, Steeman et al, 2013, Caddell a nd Clare, 2012, Caddell and Clare, 2011). These could be perceived as coping mechanisms to buffer them against their encounter with existential realities.It is suggested that existential threats could have adverse effect on an individuals self- esteem (Sabat, 2002) affect (Xu and Brucks, 2011, Van and Van, 2007) social connectedness (Mikulincer, Florian and Hirschberger, 2003) meaning in life (Sullivan, Landau and Kay, 2012, Jaarsma et al, 2007) and popular wellbeing (Piiparinen and Whitlatch, 2011). Likewise, it can be argued that dementia as an existential threat has comparable potential effects on people with such a condition (Baldwin and Capstick, 2007). In addition, various studies have suggested that the early stages of dementia, after receiving a diagnosis, generally cause profound psychological effects on self-esteem, meaning/ purpose in life and general psychological wellbeing (Chistopolskaya and Enikolopov, 2013, Bamford et al, 2004, Steeman et al, 2006, Husband, 1999, Husband, 2000, Vernooij-Dassen et al, 2006).1.2 Problem statementDementia as an existential threat has associated adverse psychological impacts for people with dementia. These include but are not circumscribed to threats to identity Steeman et al, 2006), social connectedness (Hatch, 2013), meaning/ purpose in life (Lingler et al, 2006, Macquarrie, 2005) and general psychological wellbeing (Piiparinen and Whitlatch, 2011). Consequently, people with dementia sometimes use the yield of the past as a mechanism in an attempt to buffer the psychological effects of dementia (Bohlmeijer, Smit and Cuijpers, 2003, Woods et al, 2005). Also, conventional approaches such as recall and life review activities employ the use of the past as a resource for the present to offer various psychological functions for people with dementia. However, the efficacies of these activities are still debated (Douglas, James and Ballard, 2004). For example, whereas some randomised controlled trials and systemat ic reviews bring to an end that these approaches may improve the psychological wellbeing of people with dementia (Lai, Chi and Kayser-Jones, 2004, Wang, 2007, Sharif et al, 2010, Wu, 2011, Azcurra, 2012, Korte et al, 2012), others have concluded other than (Wang, Hsu and Cheng, 2005, Wang, Yen and OuYang, 2009, Gudex et al, 2010, Forsman, Schierenbeck and Wahlbeck, 2011, Woods et al, 2005, Woods et al, 2012). Stemming from memory decline in dementia, the merging of past experiences with the present can arguably enhance self-concept and self-esteem if the images of the past stimulate a sense of pleasure and accomplishment (Kasl-Godley and Gatz, 2000). Perhaps, the recall of the past without deliberately evoking nostalgia is not an ideal way to effectively enhance and improve the psychological calm of people with dementia.On the other hand, nostalgia has been proposed as a psychological buffer against existential threats (Juhl et al, 2010, Routledge et al, 2008). Juhl et al (2010) constitute that in mortality salience conditions, participants at low levels of nostalgia proneness show less positive responses to an identity threat, greater levels of death anxiety and lesser feelings of state nostalgia (self-esteem, social connectedness, meaning in life and affect). Routledge et al (2008) support the idea that nostalgia provides an existential function by providing a source of meaningful life experiences which people use to defend themselves against concerns about death (existential threat). Also, experimental studies with undergraduate student populations have demonstrated that induce nostalgia increases self-esteem, positive affect, social connectedness and meaning in life when compared to normal autobiographical memories (Wildschut et al, 2006, Routledge et al, 2011). However, the use of nostalgia by people with dementia to provide similar desirable psychological functions is not clear (Moos and Bjorn, 2006). Nonetheless, this has not been tested among people with dementia.1.6 Significance of the researchThe current research seeks to investigate whether induced nostalgia increases self-esteem, meaning/ purpose in life and social connectedness for people with dementia as it does for the general population. It also attempts to find out whether people with mild to moderate dementia differ in experiencing various psychological outcomes as a result of their degree of nostalgia proneness. This novel application of the emotion of nostalgia (currently a major area of psychological research) to people with dementia has both clinical and theoretical significance. Theoretically, with nostalgia being suggested to have positive psychological impact among the general population, we will be able to find out whether these functions extend to people with dementia. Clinically, while reminiscence therapy is frequently used with people with dementia research findings are unclear as to whether this has any benefit. It may be that one of the factors determi ning whether reminiscence is of benefit is whether or not a nostalgic memory is evoked. By investigating this, the research may be able to shed light on the way in which nostalgia buffers the psychological challenges of living with dementia. For instance, we may be able to identify more precisely how to help people with dementia maintain a psychological equilibrium, and thereby improve their quality of life and psychological wellbeing.2.0 previous LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Dementia and meaning/ purpose in lifeExistential psychology attempts to explain the way individuals formulate meaning in the event of an inevitable despair or threat. According to existential psychology, individuals employ various mechanisms to buffer them against existential threats in order to restore psychological balance (Greenberg, Koole and Pyszczynski, 2013). spirit in life is an aspect of wellbeing that is well appreciated by people with dementia (Dres et al, 2006). Research shows that, even in the event of e xperiencing decline in cognition in a tolerant with dementia, the person with dementia still engages in meaning-making that covey important communication messages regarding the importance of life (Robertson, 2013). Also, people affected by dementia are usually in the quest of seeking for meaning in their lives in order to concur with their diagnosis (Lingler et al, 2006, Macquarrie, 2005). Searching for meaning in life by people with dementia is linked to the expression of establishing identity (Steeman et al, 2006).Dementia is associated with various levels of cognitive decline (Franciotti et al, 2013). Cognitive decline has been found to be associated with decline in aspects of wellbeing, specifically, purpose in life (Wilson et al, 2013). Alternatively, in advanced age, higher(prenominal) purpose in life causes a reduction in the effect of pathologic changes on cognitive decline for people with Alzheimers disease (Boyle et al, 2012). Longitudinal studies have also provided some evidence in support of some existential functions of having a greater purpose in life. Among older adults living in the community, greater purpose in life has been found to have significant associations with a reduction in risk of disability (Boyle, Buchman and Bennett, 2010), mortality (Boyle et al, 2009), Alzheimers disease and mild cognitive impairment (Geda, 2010, Boyle et al, 2010).